At present, there are several drugs on the market that improve memory, concentration, and planning, and reduce impulsive behavior. Many more are in different stages of development. The most commonly u ...
Skondia's nootropic criteria:I. No direct vasoactivityA. No vasodilationB. No vasoconstrictionII. EEG activity: No change in basic rhythmA. Quantitative EEG: Increased power spectrum (beta 2 and alpha ...
Giurgea's nootropic criteria:Enhances learning and memory.Enhances learned behaviors under conditions which are known to disrupt them (e.g. hypoxia (oxygen deficiency)).Protects the brain from physica ...
Cognitive enhancers are drugs, supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods that enhance attentional control and memory. Nootropics are cognitive enhancers that are neuroprotective or extremely n ...
ootropics (/no?.??tr?p?ks/ noh-?-trop-iks), also referred to as smart drugs, memory enhancers, neuro enhancers, cognitive enhancers, and intelligence enhancers, are drugs, supplements, nutraceut ...
An inadequate amount of a nutrient is a deficiency. Deficiencies can be due to a number of causes including inadequacy in nutrient intake called dietary deficiency, or conditions that interfere with t ...
Nutrients are frequently categorized as essential or nonessential. Essential nutrients are unable to be synthesized internally (either at all, or in sufficient quantities), and so must be consumed by ...
Dietary minerals are generally trace elements, salts, or ions such as copper and iron. Some of these minerals are essential to human metabolism.Vitamins are organic compounds essential to the body. Th ...
Carbohydrates are compounds made up of types of sugars. Carbohydrates are classified by their number of sugar units: monosaccharides (such as glucose and fructose), disaccharides (such as sucrose and ...
Macronutrients are defined in several different ways.The chemical elements humans consume in the largest quantities are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur, or CHNOPS.The classe ...
Nutrients are the nutritious components in foods that an organism utilizes to survive and grow. Macronutrients provide the bulk energy for an organism's metabolic system to function, while micronutrie ...
Anti-vitamins are chemical compounds that inhibit the absorption or actions of vitamins. For example, avidin is a protein in egg whites that inhibits the absorption of biotin. Pyrithiamine is similar ...
The reason that the set of vitamins skips directly from E to K is that the vitamins corresponding to letters F-J were either reclassified over time, discarded as false leads, or renamed because of the ...
Most countries place dietary supplements in a special category under the general umbrella of foods, not drugs. This necessitates that the manufacturer, and not the government, be responsible for ensur ...
The term vitamin was derived from "vitamine," a compound word coined in 1912 by the Polish biochemist Kazimierz Funk when working at the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine. The name is from vital ...
