Dietary supplements (Amino acids, Minerals, Nootropics, Nutrients, Vitamins)
- Dopaminergics
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Metabolic precursors—raise levelsL-Phenylalanine—purported cognitive improvementL-Tyrosine (or N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, more bioavailable form)—purported cognitive improvementL-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphe ...
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2014-2-22 16:43
- Serotonergics
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Serotonin is a neurotransmitter with various effects on mood and possible effects on neurogenesis. Serotonergics are substances that affect the neurotransmitter serotonin or the components of the nerv ...
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2014-2-22 16:42
- Glutamate modulators
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Ligands and modulators of the AMPA receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor, are being researched for a myriad of conditions, from Alzheimer's to ADHD. Although there are many AMPAkines being resear ...
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2014-2-22 16:42
- GABA blockers
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The GABAA α5 receptor site has recently displayed memory improvements when inverse agonized.α5IA—α5 inverse agonist. A number of α5IA analogues exist that, like α5IA, selectively and partially a ...
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2014-2-22 16:42
- Cholinergics
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Cholinergics are substances that affect the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or the components of the nervous system that use acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a facilitator of memory formation. Increasin ...
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2014-2-22 16:41
- Concentration and memory enhancement
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The nootropics in this section are purported or shown to enhance concentration or the recollection and formation of memories.
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2014-2-22 16:41
- Stimulants
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Stimulants are often seen as smart drugs, but may be more accurately termed productivity enhancers. These typically improve concentration and a few areas of cognitive performance, but only while the d ...
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2014-2-22 16:40
- Vitamins and supplements
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B Vitamins—may influence cognitive function through an effect on methylation and homocysteine levels, as excess homocysteine has been associated with cognitive impairment and the B vitamins work to r ...
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2014-2-22 16:40
- Racetams
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The word nootropic was coined upon discovery of the effects of piracetam, developed in the 1960s. Studies of the racetams have revealed that these structurally similar compounds often act via differen ...
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2014-2-22 16:40
- Hazards
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The main concern with pharmaceutical drugs is adverse effects, and these concerns apply to cognitive-enhancing drugs as well. Cognitive enhancers are often taken for the long-term when little data is ...
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2014-2-22 16:39
- Academic doping
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In academia a Nootropic called modafinil has been used to increase productivity, although its long-term effects have not been assessed in healthy individuals. Stimulants such as methylphenidate, a cog ...
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2014-2-22 16:39
- Availability and prevalence
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At present, there are several drugs on the market that improve memory, concentration, and planning, and reduce impulsive behavior. Many more are in different stages of development. The most commonly u ...
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2014-2-22 16:39
- Skondia's nootropic criteria
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Skondia's nootropic criteria:I. No direct vasoactivityA. No vasodilationB. No vasoconstrictionII. EEG activity: No change in basic rhythmA. Quantitative EEG: Increased power spectrum (beta 2 and alpha ...
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2014-2-22 16:38
- Giurgea's nootropic criteria
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Giurgea's nootropic criteria:Enhances learning and memory.Enhances learned behaviors under conditions which are known to disrupt them (e.g. hypoxia (oxygen deficiency)).Protects the brain from physica ...
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2014-2-22 16:38
- Nootropics vs. cognitive enhancers
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Cognitive enhancers are drugs, supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods that enhance attentional control and memory. Nootropics are cognitive enhancers that are neuroprotective or extremely n ...
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2014-2-22 16:38
