Dietary supplements (Amino acids, Minerals, Nootropics, Nutrients, Vitamins)
- Peptide bond formation
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As both the amine and carboxylic acid groups of amino acids can react to form amide bonds, one amino acid molecule can react with another and become joined through an amide linkage. This polymerizatio ...
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2014-2-22 18:42
- Reactions
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As amino acids have both a primary amine group and a primary carboxyl group, these chemicals can undergo most of the reactions associated with these functional groups. These include nucleophilic addit ...
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2014-2-22 16:55
- Biodegradable plastics
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Amino acids are under development as components of a range of biodegradable polymers. These materials have applications as environmentally friendly packaging and in medicine in drug delivery and the c ...
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2014-2-22 16:54
- Chemical building blocks
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Amino acids are important as low-cost feedstocks. These compounds are used in chiral pool synthesis as enantiomerically pure building-blocks.Amino acids have been investigated as precursors chiral cat ...
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2014-2-22 16:54
- Nullomers
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Nullomers are codons that in theory code for an amino acid, however in nature there is a selective bias against using this codon in favor of another, for example bacteria prefer to use CGA instead of ...
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2014-2-22 16:53
- Expanded genetic code
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Since 2001, 40 non-natural amino acids have been added into protein by creating a unique codon (recoding) and a corresponding transfer-RNA:aminoacyl – tRNA-synthetase pair to encode it with diverse p ...
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2014-2-22 16:53
- Uses in industry
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Amino acids are used for a variety of applications in industry, but their main use is as additives to animal feed. This is necessary, since many of the bulk components of these feeds, such as soybeans ...
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2014-2-22 16:53
- Non-protein functions
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In humans, non-protein amino acids also have important roles as metabolic intermediates, such as in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA). Many amino acids are used ...
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2014-2-22 16:52
- In human nutrition
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When taken up into the human body from the diet, the 22 standard amino acids either are used to synthesize proteins and other biomolecules or are oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of ene ...
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2014-2-22 16:52
- Non-standard amino acids
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Aside from the 22 standard amino acids, there are many other amino acids that are called non-proteinogenic or non-standard. Those either are not found in proteins (for example carnitine, GABA) or are ...
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2014-2-22 16:52
- Standard amino acids
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Amino acids are the structural units (monomers) that make up proteins. They join together to form short polymer chains called peptides or longer chains called either polypeptides or proteins. These po ...
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2014-2-22 16:51
- Isoelectric point
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At pH values between the two pKa values, the zwitterion predominates, but coexists in dynamic equilibrium with small amounts of net negative and net positive ions. At the exact midpoint between the tw ...
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2014-2-22 16:51
- Zwitterions
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The amine and carboxylic acid functional groups found in amino acids allow them to have amphiprotic properties. Carboxylic acid groups (?CO2H) can be deprotonated to become negative carboxylates (?C ...
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2014-2-22 16:50
- Isomerism
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Of the standard α-amino acids, all but glycine can exist in either of two enantiomers, called L or D amino acids, which are mirror images of each other (see also Chirality). While L-amino acids repre ...
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2014-2-22 16:50
- General structure
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In the structure shown at the top of the page, R represents a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The carbon atom next to the carboxyl group is called the α–carbon and amino acids with a side-ch ...
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2014-2-22 16:50
