The set of natural numbers (whose existence is postulated by the axiom of infinity) is infinite. It is the only set that is directly required by the axioms to be infinite. The existence of any other i ...
The notion of cardinality, as now understood, was formulated by Georg Cantor, the originator of set theory, in 1874–1884. Cardinality can be used to compare an aspect of finite sets; e.g. the sets {1 ...
In SI units, angular frequency is normally presented in radians per second, even when it does not express a rotational value. From the perspective of dimensional analysis, the unit hertz (Hz) is also ...
Geometrically, the non-trivial elements of the Tate–Shafarevich group can be thought of as the homogeneous spaces of A that have Kv-rational points for every place v of K, but no K-rational point. Th ...
Electric susceptibility is defined as the constant of proportionality (which may be a tensor) relating an electric field E to the induced dielectric polarization density P such that:{\mathbf P}=\varep ...
In a Cartesian coordinate system, the origin is the point where the axes of the system intersect. The origin divides each of these axes into two halves, a positive and a negative semiaxis. Points can ...
The phase of an oscillation or wave refers to a sinusoidal function such as the following:\begin{align}x(t) = A\cdot \cos( 2 \pi f t + \varphi ) \\y(t) = A\cdot \sin( 2 \pi f t + \varphi ) = A\cdot \c ...
Two quantities a and b are said to be in the golden ratio φ if\frac{a+b}{a} = \frac{a}{b} = \varphi.One method for finding the value of φ is to start with the left fraction. Through simplifying the ...
History, terminology, and notation Leonhard Euler introduced the function in 1763. However, he did not at that time choose any specific symbol to denote it. In a 1784 publication Euler studied the fun ...
Objects may possess a property known as an electric charge. An electric field exerts a force on charged objects. If the charged object has a positive charge, the force will be in the direction of the ...
Main article: LTI system theoryFirst order LTI systems are characterized by the differential equation{dV \over dt} + \frac{1}{\tau} V = f(t)where τ represents the exponential decay constant and V is ...
The formula to calculate average shear stress is force per unit area.:\tau = {F \over A},where:\tau = the shear stress;F = the force applied;A = the cross-sectional area of material with area parallel ...
The tau was detected in a series of experiments between 1974 and 1977 by Martin Lewis Perl with his colleagues at the SLAC-LBL group. Their equipment consisted of SLAC's then-new e+–e? colliding rin ...
The Stefan–Boltzmann constant (also Stefan's constant), a physical constant denoted by the Greek letter σ, is the constant of proportionality in the Stefan–Boltzmann law: "the total intensity (phys ...
The mean and the standard deviation of a set of data are descriptive statistics usually reported together. In a certain sense, the standard deviation is a "natural" measure of statistical dispersion i ...
