The Byzantine economy was among the most advanced in Europe and the Mediterranean for many centuries. Europe, in particular, was unable to match Byzantine economic strength until late in the Middle Ag ...
During the Komnenian, or Comnenian, period from about 1081 to about 1185, the five emperors of the Komnenos dynasty (Alexios I, John II, Manuel I, Alexios II, and Andronikos I) presided over a sustain ...
The Roman army succeeded in conquering many territories covering the entire Mediterranean region and coastal regions in southwestern Europe and north Africa. These territories were home to many differ ...
The first use of the term "Byzantine" to label the later years of the Roman Empire was in 1557, when the German historian Hieronymus Wolf published his work Corpus Histori? Byzantin?, a collection o ...
The period takes its name from what, in art history, was considered the archaic or old-fashioned style of sculpture and other forms of art and craft that were characteristic of that time, as opposed t ...
The term archaic describes things belonging to ancient times and is derived from the Greek word archaikos, which means primitive. This term arose from the study of Greek art, where it mainly refers to ...
In the early months of 1821, the Greeks declared their independence but did not achieve it until 1829. The Great Powers first shared the same view concerning the necessity of preserving the status quo ...
Main articles: Byzantine Empire and Byzantine GreeceEmpress Theodora and her retinue (mosaic from Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, 6th century).Depiction of the Greek fire by John Skylitzes' Chronicle ...
Further information: Orientalizing Period and Geometric ArtIn the 8th century BC, Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the Mycenaean civilization. Literacy had been los ...
The Neolithic Revolution reached Europe beginning in 7000–6500 BC when agriculturalists from the Near East entered the Greek peninsula from Anatolia by island-hopping through the Aegean Sea. It is un ...
The curl of a vector field F, denoted by curl F, or ? × F, or rot F, at a point is defined in terms of its projection onto various lines through the point. If \scriptstyle\mathbf{\hat{n}} is any uni ...
In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that measures the magnitude of a vector field's source or sink at a given point, in terms of a signed scalar. More technically, the divergence repre ...
Consider a room in which the temperature is given by a scalar field, T, so at each point (x,y,z) the temperature is T(x,y,z). (We will assume that the temperature does not change over time.) At each p ...
In the Cartesian coordinate system Rn with coordinates (x_1, \dots, x_n) and standard basis \{ \mathbf{\hat e}_1, \dots, \mathbf{\hat e}_n \}, del is defined in terms of partial derivative operators a ...
Suppose that ? is a function of more than one variable. For instance,z = f(x,y) = \,\! x^2 + xy + y^2.\,A graph of z = x2 + xy + y2. For the partial derivative at (1, 1, 3) that leaves y constant, th ...
