Physical properties In its raw form, tungsten is a hard steel-grey metal that is often brittle and hard to work. If made very pure, tungsten retains its hardness (which exceeds that of many steels), a ...
Tantalum was discovered in Sweden in 1802 by Anders Ekeberg. One year earlier, Charles Hatchett had discovered the element columbium. In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston compared the o ...
Hafnium is a shiny, silvery, ductile metal that is corrosion-resistant and chemically similar to zirconium (due to its having the same number of valence electrons and being in the same group). The phy ...
A lutetium atom has 71 electrons, arranged in the configuration 4f145d16s2. When entering a chemical reaction, the atom loses its two outermost electrons and the single 5d-electron; this is unusual s ...
Ytterbium is a soft, malleable and ductile chemical element that displays a bright silvery luster when in its pure form. It is a rare earth element, and it is readily attacked and dissolved by the str ...
Physical properties Pure thulium metal has a bright, silvery luster. It slowly tarnishes in air and reacts with water. The metal can be cut with a knife, as it has a Mohs hardness of 2 to 3; it is mal ...
A trivalent element, pure erbium metal is malleable (or easily shaped), soft yet stable in air, and does not oxidize as quickly as some other rare-earth metals. Its salts are rose-colored, and the ele ...
Physical properties Ho2O3, left: natural light, right: fluorescent lamp lightHolmium is a relatively soft and malleable element that is fairly corrosion-resistant and stable in dry air at standard tem ...
Dysprosium is a rare earth element that has a metallic, bright silver luster. It is soft enough to be cut with a knife, and can be machined without sparking if overheating is avoided. Dysprosium's phy ...
Physical properties Terbium is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be scratched with a knife. It is relatively stable in air as compared to other lanthanides ...
Gadolinium is a silvery-white malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It crystallizes in hexagonal, close-packed α- form at room temperature, but, when heated to temperatures above 1235 °C, it trans ...
Europium is a ductile metal with a hardness similar to that of lead. It crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice. Some properties of europium are strongly influenced by its half-filled electron s ...
Samarium is a rare earth metal having the hardness and density similar to those of zinc. With the boiling point of 1794 °C, samarium is the third most volatile lanthanide after ytterbium and europium ...
A promethium atom has 61 electrons, arranged in the configuration 4f56s2. In forming compounds, the atom loses its two outermost electrons and one of the 4f-electrons, which belongs to an open subshel ...
Neodymium, a rare earth metal, was present in the classical mischmetal at a concentration of about 18%. Metallic neodymium has a bright, silvery metallic luster, but as one of the more reactive lantha ...
