Sima Guang was born in 1019 in present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi to a wealthy family, and obtained early success as a scholar and officer. When he was barely twenty, he passed the Imperial examination with ...
Though Wang was from the southern China, he came from a family of imperial scholars (进士 Jìnshì) and was placed fourth in the imperial exam of 1042. He spent the first twenty years of his career in ...
Shen Kuo wrote that during the Qingli reign period (1041–1048), under Emperor Renzong of Song (1022–1063), an obscure commoner and artisan known as Bi Sheng (990–1051) invented ceramic movable type ...
In the broad field of mathematics, Shen Kuo mastered many practical mathematical problems, including many complex formulas for geometry, circle packing, and chords and arcs problems employing trigonom ...
Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (沈周; 978–1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; ...
The world's oldest illustrated depiction of an endless power-transmitting chain drive is from Su Song's horological treatise. It was used in the clockworks for coupling the main drive shaft to the arm ...
Career as a scholar-official Su Song was born in modern-day Fujian, near medieval Quanzhou. Like his contemporary Shen Kuo (1031–1095), Su Song was a polymath. It was written by his junior colleague ...
According to the fourteenth century literary work Outlaws of the Marsh, the first twenty-seven years of Renzong's rule were known as the "Era of Three Abundances." But this was followed by a great pla ...
The word "admiral" in Middle English comes from Anglo-French amiral, "commander", from Medieval Latin admiralis, admirallus. These themselves come from Arabic "amir", or amir-al- ???? ???, "com ...
Hailing's army built its encampment near Yangzhou on the northern side of the Yangtze River. The Jin advance had been slowed by Song victories in the west, where the Song captured several prefectures ...
Main article: Prince Hailing of JinJurchen warrior standing, carrying a bowEarly 17th-century woodblock print of a Jurchen warrior with a bowPrince Hailing was crowned Jin emperor in 1150 after killin ...
The Battle of Tangdao (唐岛之战) was a naval engagement that took place in 1161 between the Jurchen Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty of China on the East China Sea. The conflict was part of the Jin-S ...
Qin Hui, an official of the Song court, recommended a peaceful solution to the conflict in 1130, saying that, "If it is desirable that there will be no more conflicts under Heaven, it is necessary for ...
Southern retreat of the Song court The enthronement of Emperor Gaozong See also: Da ChuThe Jin leadership had not expected or desired the fall of the Song dynasty. Their intention was to weaken the So ...
