The active army of the Sassanid Empire originated from Ardashir I, the first Shahanshah of the empire. Ardashir restored the Achaemenid military organizations, retained the Parthian cavalry model, and ...
Conflicting accounts shroud the details of the fall of the Parthian Empire and subsequent rise of the Sassanid Empire in mystery. The Sassanid Empire was established in Estakhr by Ardashir I.Papak was ...
Archaic period (8th to 6th centuries BC) Further information: Iron Age EuropeThe earliest period of classical antiquity takes place before the background of gradual re-appearance of historical sources ...
Eight early Christian monuments of Ravenna are inscribed on the World Heritage List. These areBaptistry of Neon (c. 430)Mausoleum of Galla Placidia (c. 430)Arian Baptistry (c. 500)Archiepiscopal Chape ...
The origin of the name Ravenna is unclear, although it is believed the name is Etruscan. Some have speculated that "ravenna" is related to "Rasenna" (later "Rasna"), the term that the Etruscans used f ...
The most notable event of his reign was the assault and Sack of Rome on 24 August 410 by the Visigoths under Alaric.The city had been under Visigothic siege since shortly after Stilicho's deposition a ...
After holding the consulate at the age of two, Honorius was declared Augustus by his father Theodosius I, and thus co-ruler, on 23 January 393 after the death of Valentinian II and the usurpation of E ...
Born to a Dacian peasant family in Moesia Superior, Licinius accompanied his close childhood friend, the future emperor Galerius, on the Persian expedition in 298. He was trusted enough by Galerius th ...
259, Battle of Mediolanum—Emperor Gallienus defeats the Alemanni to rescue Rome268, Battle of Lake Benacus—Romans under Emperor Claudius II defeat the Alemanni.271Battle of Placentia—Emperor Aureli ...
According to Asinius Quadratus (quoted in the mid-6th century by Byzantine historian Agathias) their name means "all men". It indicates that they were a conglomeration drawn from various Germanic trib ...
The two earliest sources that describe the origin of the Franks are a 7th-century work known as the Chronicle of Fredegar and the anonymous Liber Historiae Francorum, written a century later. Neither ...
Ever since the fall of the Severan dynasty in 235, rivals for the imperial throne had bid for support by either favoring or persecuting Christians. A previous edict of toleration had been recently iss ...
Maxentius' exact date of birth is unknown; it was probably around 278. He was the son of the Emperor Maximian and his wife Eutropia.As his father became emperor in 285, he was regarded as crown prince ...
Latin Rite Catholics considered it inappropriate that Constantine was baptized only on his death-bed and by an unorthodox bishop, as it undermined the authority of the Papacy. Hence, by the early four ...
In the following years, Constantine gradually consolidated his military superiority over his rivals in the crumbling Tetrarchy. In 313, he met Licinius in Milan to secure their alliance by the marriag ...
