Persian and Arab Sieges of Constantinople Main articles: Roman-Persian Wars and Byzantine-Arab WarsThe First Siege of Constantinople by Avars, Slavs and Sassanid Persians in 626.The First Arab Siege i ...
Religious peace came with the emergence of the Macedonian dynasty in 867, as well as a strong and unified Byzantine leadership; while the Abassid empire had splintered into many factions after 861. Ba ...
See also: Roman–Persian Wars, Byzantine–Sassanid Wars, Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628 and Siege of Constantinople (626)The prolonged and escalating Byzantine–Sassanid wars of the 6th and 7th c ...
Main article: Siege of Alexandria 641The Muslims laid siege to Alexandria in March 641 AD. The city was heavily fortified: there were walls within walls, and forts within forts. There was no dearth of ...
In December 639 'Amr ibn al-'As left for Egypt with a force of 4,000 troops. Most of the soldiers belonged to the Arab tribe of 'Ak, although Al-Kindi mentions that one third of the soldiers belonged ...
See also: Khalid ibn Walid: Campaigns in Armenia and AnatoliaAfter Muhammad's death in 632, his successors started a military campaign in order to increase the territory of the new Caliphate. During t ...
Next, the Muslim armies consolidated their conquest of the Levant as Shurhabil and Amr went deeper into Palestine after the decisive Battle of Fahl. Bet She'an surrendered after a little resistance fo ...
Moving to their assigned target beyond Tabouk, Yazid's corps made contact with a small Christian Arab force that was retreating after a skirmish with the Muslim advance guard, after which Yazid made f ...
Syria had been under Roman rule for seven centuries prior to the Arab Muslim conquest and had been invaded by the Sassanid Persians on a number of occasions during the 3rd, 6th and 7th centuries; it h ...
The outbreak in Constantinople was thought to have been carried to the city by infected rats on grain boats arriving from Egypt. To feed its citizens, the city and outlying communities imported massiv ...
Being a member of the House of Bourbon, King Ferdinand IV was a natural opponent of the French Revolution and Napoleon. In January 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte, in the name of the French Republic, capture ...
The term Mezzogiorno first came into use in the 18th century and is an Italian rendition of meridies (Latin for 'south', because of the sun's position at midday in the Northern Hemisphere). The term w ...
Justinian's religious policy reflected the Imperial conviction that the unity of the Empire unconditionally presupposed unity of faith; and it appeared to him obvious that this faith could only be the ...
Justinian was born in Tauresium around 482. His Latin-speaking peasant family is believed to have been of Thraco-Roman or Illyro-Roman origins.The cognomen Iustinianus which he took later is indicativ ...
A realm /?r?lm/ is a community or territory over which a sovereign rules; it is commonly used to describe a kingdom or other monarchical or dynastic state.The Old French word reaume, modern French r ...
