Main article: Roman GreeceSee also: History of the Roman EmpireYear Eponymous Archon Other officials or notable events146–145 BC Aristophantos (?) 145–144 BC Metrophanes (?) 144–143 BC Theaitetos 1 ...
ain article: Classical GreeceYear Eponymous Archon Other officials or notable events303–302 BC Leostratus 304–303 BC Pherecles 305–304 BC Euxenippus 306–305 BC Coroebus Antigonid dynasty begins.30 ...
The archon was the chief magistrate in many Greek cities, but in Athens there was a council of archons which exerted a form of executive government. From the late 8th century BC there were three archo ...
The following account is taken almost solely from Plutarch's "Life of Lycurgus," which is more of an anecdotal collection than a real biography. The actual person Lycurgus may or may not have existed, ...
Main article: Sparta in popular cultureFor more details on this topic, see Battle of Thermopylae in popular culture.The term "spartan" has become synonymous with fearlessness, harsh and cruel life, bl ...
For more details on this topic, see Phalanx formation.Like the armies of the other Greek states, the Spartan army was an infantry-based army that fought using the Phalanx formation. The Spartans thems ...
The first reference to the Spartans at war is in the Iliad, where they participate among the other Greek contingents. Like the rest of the Mycenaean army it was composed largely of infantry, equipped ...
The first helot attempt at revolt which is historically reported is that provoked by general Pausanias in the 5th century BC. Thucydides reports:Besides, they were informed that he was even intriguing ...
They were required to hand over a predetermined portion of their harvest (?ποφορ? / apophorá), with the helots keeping the surplus. According to Plutarch, this portion was 70 medimnoi of barle ...
The earliest inhabitants of Messenia were thought by the Greeks of the Classical period to have been 'Pelasgians', as in other regions of Greece. Supposedly, the Hellenic tribes had then arrived in Gr ...
Political, social, and economic equalitySpartan women, of the citizenry class, enjoyed a status, power, and respect that was unknown in the rest of the classical world. The higher status of females in ...
The Perioikoi came from similar origins as the helots but occupied a significantly different position in Spartan society. Although they did not enjoy full citizen-rights, they were free and not subjec ...
The prehistory of Sparta is difficult to reconstruct because the literary evidence is far removed in time from the events it describes and is also distorted by oral tradition. However, the earliest ce ...
A pejorative (also term of abuse, term of disparagement, or derogatory term) is a word or grammatical form of expression that expresses contempt, criticism, hostility, disregard and/or disrespect. A t ...
