In a 1905 paper, Einstein postulated that light itself consists of localized particles (quanta). Einstein's light quanta were nearly universally rejected by all physicists, including Max Planck and Ni ...
Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg in the German Empire on 14 March 1879. His father was Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer. His mother was Pauline Einstein (née K ...
While Euclidean geometry, named after the Greek mathematician Euclid, includes some of the oldest known mathematics, non-Euclidean geometries were not widely accepted as legitimate until the 19th cent ...
The intuitive distinction between a priori and a posteriori knowledge (or justification) is best seen in examples.A prioriConsider the proposition, "If George V reigned for at least four days, then he ...
In Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch Kant listed several conditions that he thought necessary for ending wars and creating a lasting peace. They included a world of constitutional republics. His ...
Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 in K?nigsberg, Prussia (since 1946 the city of Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia), as the fourth of nine children (four of them reached adulthood). Baptized 'Eman ...
The word "metaphysics" derives from the Greek words μετ? (metá, "beyond", "upon" or "after") and φυσικ? (physiká, "physics"). It was first used as the title for several of Aristotle's work ...
Berkeley was born at his family home, Dysart Castle, near Thomastown, County Kilkenny, Ireland, the eldest son of William Berkeley, a cadet of the noble family of Berkeley. He was educated at Kilkenny ...
Direction is the information contained in the relative position of one point with respect to another point without the distance information. Directions may be either relative to some indicated referen ...
Geometry In analytic geometry, the distance between two points of the xy-plane can be found using the distance formula. The distance between (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by:d=\sqrt{(\Delta x)^2+(\De ...
Leibniz emphasized that research was a collaborative endeavor. Hence he warmly advocated the formation of national scientific societies along the lines of the British Royal Society and the French Acad ...
Gottfried Leibniz was born on July 1, 1646 (near the 1648 end of the Thirty Years' War), in Leipzig, Saxony, to Friedrich Leibniz and Catharina Schmuck. Friedrich noted in his family journal:"21. Juny ...
The term natural philosophy preceded our current natural science (from the Latin, scientia, meaning "knowledge") when the subject of that knowledge or study is "the workings of nature". Natural philos ...
In a manuscript he wrote in 1704 in which he describes his attempts to extract scientific information from the Bible, he estimated that the world would end no earlier than 2060. In predicting this he ...
Main article: Early life of Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton was born (according to the Julian calendar in use in England at the time) on Christmas Day, 25 December 1642 (NS 4 January 1643), at Woolsthorpe Ma ...
