Photosynthetic oxygen evolution is the fundamental process by which breathable oxygen is generated in earth's biosphere. The reaction is part of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in cyan ...
Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area that is always applied perpendicularly to a surface by the surrounding gas. It is determined by a planet's gravitational force in combination with the t ...
Composition The chemical composition of the troposphere is essentially uniform, with the notable exception of water vapor. The source of water vapour is at the surface through the processes of evapora ...
Scale height used in a simple atmospheric pressure model For planetary atmospheres, scale height is the vertical distance over which the pressure of the atmosphere changes by a factor of e (decreasing ...
The pascal can be expressed using SI derived units, or alternatively solely SI base units, as:{\rm 1~Pa = 1~\frac{N}{m^2} = 1~\frac{kg}{m \cdot s^2}}Where N is the newton, m is the metre, kg is the ki ...
Walker was an established applied mathematician at the University of Cambridge when he became director-general of observatories in India in 1904. While there, he studied the characteristics of the Ind ...
A thermal reservoir, a short-form of thermal energy reservoir, or thermal bath is a thermodynamic system with a heat capacity that is large enough that when it is in thermal contact with another syste ...
Salinity in rivers, lakes, and the ocean is conceptually simple, but technically challenging to define and measure precisely. Conceptually the salinity is the quantity of dissolved salt content of the ...
The SI symbol for the tonne is "t". It is also the symbol supported by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology. Non-approved abbreviations for tonne and "metric ton" include "T", "mT", ...
The ocean was mapped by Abraham Ortelius; he called it Maris Pacifici because of Ferdinand Magellan, who sailed the Pacific during his circumnavigation from 1519 to 1522 and said that it was much more ...
Important human migrations occurred in the Pacific in prehistoric times. About 3000 BC speakers of the Austronesian languages, probably on the island of Taiwan, mastered the art of long-distance canoe ...
Over the years the search for the point of maximum depth has involved many vessels.The HMS Challenger expedition (December 1872 – May 1876) first sounded the depths now known as the Challenger Deep. ...
The geological history of Europe traces back to the formation of the Baltic Shield (Fennoscandia) and the Sarmatian craton, both around 2.25 billion years ago, followed by the Volgo-Uralia shield, the ...
Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 8.8% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the largest coastline, at 62,800 kilometres (39,022 mi). Asia is generally d ...
Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low ...
