Kernel basic facilities The kernel's primary function is to manage the computer's hardware and resources and allow other programs to run and use these resources. Typically, the resources consist of:Th ...
Multiprogramming In the early days of computing, CPU time was expensive, and peripherals were very slow. When the computer ran a program that needed access to a peripheral, the Central processing unit ...
A database application is a computer program whose primary purpose is entering and retrieving information from a computerized database. Early examples of database applications were accounting systems ...
The term "RAID" was invented by David Patterson, Garth A. Gibson, and Randy Katz at the University of California, Berkeley in 1987. They studied the possibility of using two or more hard disk drives t ...
According to a 1985 article in Byte, possibly the first expression of the idea of multiprocessing is found in the 1842 words of Federico Luigi Menabrea, which said about Charles Babbage's analytical e ...
Hardware requirement for servers vary, depending on the server application. Absolute CPU speed is not quite as critical to a server as it is to a desktop machine. Servers' duties to provide service to ...
Relationships and functions A given database management system may provide one or more of the five models. The optimal structure depends on the natural organization of the application's data, and on t ...
Spreadsheets usually contain a number of supplied functions, such as arithmetic operations (for example, summations, averages and so forth), trigonometric functions, statistical functions, and so fort ...
spreadsheet consists of a table of cells arranged into rows and columns and referred to by the X and Y locations. X locations, the columns, are normally represented by letters, "A", "B", "C", etc., wh ...
Main article: History of computing hardwareDevices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick. The Antikythera mechanism, dating from abo ...
Sun Microsystems released JDBC as part of JDK 1.1 on February 19, 1997. It has since formed part of the Java Standard Edition.The JDBC classes are contained in the Java package java.sql and javax.sql. ...
Drivers ODBC is based on the device driver model, where the driver encapsulates the logic needed to convert a standard set of commands and functions into the specific calls required by the underlying ...
Prior to ODBC The introduction of the mainframe-based relational database during the 1970s led to a proliferation of data access methods. Generally these systems operated hand-in-hand with a simple co ...
The Data Control Language (DCL) authorizes users to access and manipulate data. Its two main statements are:GRANT authorizes one or more users to perform an operation or a set of operations on an obje ...
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce in the early 1970s. This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulat ...
