In some cases monarchs are dependent on other powers (see vassals, suzerainty, puppet state, hegemony). In the British colonial era indirect rule under a paramount power existed, such as the princely ...
The word monarch (Latin: monarcha) comes from the Greek language word μον?ρχη?, monárkhēs (from μ?νο? monos, "one, singular", and ?ρχω árkhō, "to rule" (compare ?ρχων arkhon, ...
Compared with other societies, civilizations have a more complex political structure, namely the state. State societies are more stratified than other societies; there is a greater difference among th ...
From the late 3rd to the early 2nd millennium BC, tribes coming both from the north and from the Franco-Iberian brought the Beaker culture and the use of bronze smithing, in the Po Valley, in Tuscany ...
The name Italia covered an area whose borders evolved over time. According to Strabo's Geographica, before the expansion of the Roman Republic, the name was used by Greeks to indicate the land between ...
The Second Department of the PLA General Staff Headquarters is responsible for collecting military intelligence. Activities include military attachés at Chinese embassies abroad, clandestine special ...
Further information: Korean War, Sino-Indian War and Sino-Soviet border conflictDuring the 1950s, the PLA with Soviet help transformed itself from a peasant army into a modern one. Part of this proces ...
In 2002, Jiang stepped down from the powerful CPC Politburo Standing Committee and CPC General Secretary to make way for a "fourth generation" of leadership headed by Hu Jintao, marking the beginning ...
Jiang was elevated to the country's top job in 1989 with a fairly small power base inside the party, and thus, very little actual power. His most reliable allies were the powerful party elders – Chen ...
Zhu went to work for the State Economic Commission (SEC) as the division chief of the Bureau of Fuel and Power Industry and as the deputy director of the Comprehensive Bureau from 1979 to 1982. He was ...
Political observers indicate that Hu has distinguished himself from his predecessor in both domestic and foreign policy. Hu's political philosophy during his leadership is summarized by three slogans ...
Hu Jintao was born in Taizhou, Jiangsu province on 21 December 1942. His branch of the family migrated from Jixi County, Anhui to Taizhou during his grandfather's generation. Though his father owned a ...
Premier Wen Jiabao's popularity was boosted significantly when he went to the disaster area of the Sichuan a mere few hours after the disaster occurred. He declared on national television that survivo ...
Wen entered the Politburo Standing Committee, China's highest ruling council, in November 2002, ranked third out of nine members. During the transition of authority as Hu Jintao assumed the presidency ...
Main article: Constitutional history of the People's Republic of ChinaThe first Constitution of the People's Republic of China was declared in 1954. After two intervening versions enacted in 1975 and ...
