Main articles: Sequence alignment and Sequence databaseSince the Phage Φ-X174 was sequenced in 1977, the DNA sequences of thousands of organisms have been decoded and stored in databases. This sequen ...
Main articles: Sequence alignment and Sequence databaseSince the Phage Φ-X174 was sequenced in 1977, the DNA sequences of thousands of organisms have been decoded and stored in databases. This sequen ...
Bioinformatics has become an important part of many areas of biology. In experimental molecular biology, bioinformatics techniques such as image and signal processing allow extraction of useful result ...
HistoryPaulien Hogeweg coined the term "Bioinformatics" in 1970 to refer to the study of information processes in biotic systems. This definition placed bioinformatics as a field parallel to biophysic ...
Bioinformatics Listeni/?ba?.o???nf?r?m?t?ks/ is an interdisciplinary scientific field that develops methods for storing, retrieving, organizing and analyzing biological data. A major activity ...
Researchers in biochemistry use specific techniques native to biochemistry, but increasingly combine these with techniques and ideas developed in the fields of genetics, molecular biology and biophysi ...
A nucleic acid is a complex, high-molecular-weight biochemical macromolecule composed of nucleotide chains that convey genetic information. The most common nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA ...
Main article: LipidThe term lipid composes a diverse range of molecules and to some extent is a catchall for relatively water-insoluble or nonpolar compounds of biological origin, including waxes, fat ...
Main article: ProteinA schematic of hemoglobin. The red and blue ribbons represent the protein globin; the green structures are the heme groups.Like carbohydrates, some proteins perform largely struct ...
Main article: CarbohydrateThe function of carbohydrates includes energy storage and providing structure. Sugars are carbohydrates, but not all carbohydrates are sugars. There are more carbohydrates on ...
The four main classes of molecules in biochemistry (often called biomolecules) are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Many biological molecules are polymers: in this terminology, mono ...
Main articles: Composition of the human body and Dietary mineralAround two dozen of the 92 naturally occurring chemical elements are essential to various kinds of biological life. Most rare elements o ...
It once was generally believed that life and its materials had some essential property or substance distinct from any found in non-living matter, and it was thought that only living beings could produ ...
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the f ...
Research into the environmental limits of life and the workings of extreme ecosystems is ongoing, enabling researchers to better predict what planetary environments might be most likely to harbor life ...
