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Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter.[41] In particular, it is concerned with the "condensed" phases that appear whenever the number of particles in a system is extremely large and the interactions between them are strong.[42] The most familiar examples of condensed phases are solids and liquids, which arise from the bonding by way of the electromagnetic force between atoms.[43] More exotic condensed phases include the superfluid[44] and the Bose–Einstein condensate[45] found in certain atomic systems at very low temperature, the superconducting phase exhibited by conduction electrons in certain materials,[46] and the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices.[47] Condensed matter physics is by far the largest field of contemporary physics.[48] Historically, condensed matter physics grew out of solid-state physics, which is now considered one of its main subfields.[49] The term condensed matter physics was apparently coined by Philip Anderson when he renamed his research group—previously solid-state theory—in 1967.[50] In 1978, the Division of Solid State Physics of the American Physical Society was renamed as the Division of Condensed Matter Physics.[49] Condensed matter physics has a large overlap with chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and engineering.[42] |
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