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Chinese cuisine is highly diverse, drawing on several millennia of culinary history. The dynastic emperors of ancient China were known to have many dining chambers in their palaces, with each chamber divided into several departments, each responsible for a specific type of dish.[418] China's staple food is rice. Pork is the most popular meat in China, accounting for about three-fourths of the country's total meat consumption.[419] Spices are central to Chinese cuisine. Numerous foreign offshoots of Chinese food, such as Hong Kong cuisine and American Chinese food, have emerged in the various nations that play host to the Chinese diaspora. Sports Main articles: Sport in the People's Republic of China and China at the Olympics Dragon boat racing, a popular traditional Chinese sport China has one of the oldest sporting cultures in the world. There is evidence that archery (Shèjiàn) was practiced during the Western Zhou Dynasty. Swordplay (Jiànshù) and a form of association football (Cùjū)[420] date back to China's early dynasties as well.[421] Today, some of the most popular sports in the country include martial arts, basketball, football, table tennis, badminton, swimming and snooker. Board games such as go (known as weiqi in China), xiangqi, and more recently chess, are also played at a professional level.[422] Physical fitness is widely emphasized in Chinese culture, with morning exercises such as qigong and t'ai chi ch'uan widely practiced,[423] and commercial gyms and fitness clubs gaining popularity in the country.[424] Young people in China are also enjoy soccer and basketball, especially in urban centers with limited space and grass areas. The American National Basketball Association has a huge following among the Chinese youth, with ethnic or native Chinese players such as Yao Ming and Jeremy Lin held in high esteem.[425] In addition, China is home to a huge number of cyclists, with an estimated 470 million bicycles as of 2012.[331] Many more traditional sports, such as dragon boat racing, Mongolian-style wrestling and horse racing are also popular.[426] China has participated in the Olympic Games since 1932, although it has only participated as the PRC since 1952. China hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where its athletes received 51 gold medals – the highest number of gold medals of any participating nation that year.[427] China also won the most medals of any nation at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, with 231 overall, including 95 gold medals.[428][429] In 2011, Shenzhen in Guandgong, China hosted the 2011 Summer Universiade. China hosted the 2013 East Asian Games in Tianjin and will host the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in Nanjing. See also Portal icon China portal Portal icon People's Republic of China portal Portal icon Asia portal Index of China-related articles International rankings of China Outline of China Footnotes Jump up ^ Or (previously) "Peking". Jump up ^ Portuguese (Macau only), English (Hong Kong only). Jump up ^ Ethnic minorities that are recognized officially. Jump up ^ Xi Jinping holds four concurrent positions: General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission for both state and party.[5] Jump up ^ The area given is the official United Nations figure for the mainland and excludes Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.[6] It also excludes the Trans-Karakoram Tract 5,800 km2 (2,200 sq mi), Aksai Chin 37,244 km2 (14,380 sq mi) and other territories in dispute with India. The total area of China is listed as 9,572,900 km2 (3,696,100 sq mi) by the Encyclopædia Britannica.[7] For further information, see Territorial changes of the People's Republic of China. Jump up ^ This figure was calculated using data from the CIA World Factbook.[8] Jump up ^ The Hong Kong Dollar is used in Hong Kong and the Macanese pataca is used in Macau. Jump up ^ Except Hong Kong and Macau. Jump up ^ The total area ranking relative to the United States depends on the measurement of the total areas of China and the United States. See List of countries and outlying territories by area for more information. Jump up ^ 《尚書•梓材》:「皇天既付中國民越厥疆土于先王」 Jump up ^ According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, the total area of the United States, at 9,522,055 km2 (3,676,486 sq mi), is slightly smaller than that of China. Meanwhile, the CIA World Factbook states that China's total area was greater than that of the United States until the coastal waters of the Great Lakes was added to the United States' total area in 1996. From 1989 through 1996, the total area of US was listed as 9,372,610 km2 (3,618,780 sq mi) (land area plus inland water only). The listed total area changed to 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi) in 1997 (with the Great Lakes areas and the coastal waters added), to 9,631,418 km2 (3,718,711 sq mi) in 2004, to 9,631,420 km2 (3,718,710 sq mi) in 2006, and to 9,826,630 km2 (3,794,080 sq mi) in 2007 (territorial waters added). Jump up ^ China's border with Pakistan and part of its border with India falls in the disputed region of Kashmir. The area under Pakistani administration is claimed by India, while the area under Indian administration is claimed by Pakistan. Jump up ^ Xi Jinping, 59, was named general secretary of the 82- million member Communist Party and is set to take over the presidency, a mostly ceremonial post, from Hu Jintao in March.[153] Jump up ^ The office of the President is a prestigious one. The President is the Head of the State. The Constitution of 1982 restores powers and functions of the President of the People's Republic of China and recognizes him as the Head of the State. But he is not the real executive like the American President but only a ceremonial Head. He can be compared with the Indian President or King/Queen of England.[154] Jump up ^ Tsung-Dao Lee,[301] Chen Ning Yang,[301] Daniel C. Tsui,[302] Charles K. Kao,[303] Yuan T. Lee,[304] Jump up ^ The national life expectancy at birth rose from about 31 years in 1949 to 75 years in 2008,[390] and infant mortality decreased from 300 per thousand in the 1950s to around 33 per thousand in 2001.[391] Jump up ^ Whether or not Confucianism can be classified as a religion is disputed.[402] |
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