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Guangzhou is a sub-provincial city. It has direct jurisdiction over eleven districts: Map LiwanYuexiuHaizhuTianheBaiyunHuangpuPanyuHuaduNanshaZengchengConghua Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Population (2010 census)[2] Area (km2)[1] Density (/km2)[2] Yuexiu District 越秀区 Yuèxiù Qū 1,157,277 33.80 34,239 Liwan District 荔湾区 Lìwān Qū 898,204 59.10 15,198 Haizhu District 海珠区 Hǎizhū Qū 1,558,663 90.40 17,242 Tianhe District 天河区 Tiānhé Qū 1,432,431 96.33 14,870 Baiyun District 白云区 Báiyún Qū 2,222,658 795.79 2,793 Huangpu District 黄埔区 Huángpù Qū 831,600 484.17 1,717 Panyu District 番禺区 Pānyú Qū 1,764,869 786.15 2,245 Huadu District 花都区 Huādū Qū 945,053 970.04 974 Nansha District 南沙区 Nánshā Qū 259,899 527.65 493 Zengcheng District 增城区 Zēngchéng Qū 1,036,731 1,616.47 641 Conghua District 从化区 Cónghuà Qū 593,415 1,974.50 301 Total 12,700,800 7,434.40 1,708 As of April 28, 2005, the districts of Dongshan and Fangcun have been abolished and merged into Yuexiu and Liwan respectively; at the same time the district of Nansha was established out of parts of Panyu, and the district of Luogang was established out of parts of Baiyun, Tianhe, and Zengcheng, plus a part of Huangpu, making an exclave next to Huangpu. Merger with Foshan In January 2009 the National People's Congress approved a development plan for the Pearl River Delta Region. On March 19, 2009 the Guangzhou Municipal Government and Foshan Municipal Government both agreed to establish a framework to merge the two cities.[36] Significant buildings Panorama of Guangzhou Panorama of Guangzhou at night See also: List of tallest buildings in Guangzhou Guangdong Olympic Stadium CITIC Plaza Canton Tower Guangzhou Opera House Guangzhou TV Tower Pearl River Tower Guangzhou Circle Mansion Guangzhou Twin Towers: West Tower/Guangzhou International Finance Center East Tower/The CTF Guangzhou Economy Zhujiang New Town Guangzhou is the main manufacturing hub of the Pearl River Delta, one of mainland China's leading commercial and manufacturing regions. In 2013, the GDP reached¥ 1542 billion (US$248.billion), per capita was ¥120,515 (US $19,459).[37] The China Import and Export Fair, also called the "Canton Fair", is held every year in April and October by the Ministry of Trading. Inaugurated in the spring of 1957, the Fair is a major event for the city. From the 104th session onwards, the Fair moved to the new Pazhou complex, from the older Liuhua Complex. All booths have been transferred to Pazhou Complex, which is served by two stations on Metro Line 8. Also, since the 104th session, the Canton Fair has been arranged in 3 phases instead of 2 phases. Industrial zones Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone Guangzhou Nansha Export Processing Zone The zone was founded in 2005. Its total planned area is 1.36 km2 (0.53 sq mi).[38] It is located in Nansha District and it belongs to the provincial capital, Guangzhou. The major industries encouraged in the zone include auto-mobile assembly, biotechnology and heavy industry. It is situated near to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Shenzhen Port.[38] Guangzhou Free Trade Zone The zone was founded in 1992. It is located in the east of Huangpu District and located near to Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. It is situated very close to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.[39] The major industries encouraged in the zone include international trade, logistics, processing industry and computer software. Guangzhou is considered one of the most prosperous cities in China. But due to rapid industrialization, it is also considered one of the most polluted cities. Science City Guangzhou Science City Malls and pedestrian streets Shangxiajiu 101 Dynamics Beijing Lu China Plaza Jiangnanxi Liwan Plaza Shangxiajiu Teem Plaza Victory Plaza Wanguo Plaza Zhengjia Square (Grandview Mall) Wanda square Happy Valley (Guangzhou) Transportation Tianhe Sports Center Station of Guangzhou BRT Gongyuanqian Station of Guangzhou Metro Baiyun International Airport in Huadu District A CRH3 Train at Guangzhou South Railway Station Public transport Guangzhou Metro Main article: Guangzhou Metro When the first line of the Guangzhou Metro opened in 1997, Guangzhou was the fourth city in Mainland China to have an underground railway system, behind Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Currently the metro network is made up of nine lines, covering a total length of 260 km (160 mi). A long term plan is to make the city's metro system expand to over 500 km (310 mi) by 2020 with 15 lines in operation. As of July 2014 the lines of Guangzhou Metro include: Line 1: Guangzhou East Railway Station–Xilang Station Line 2: Jiahewanggang Station–Guangzhou South Railway Station Line 3 South route: Tianhe Coach Terminal Station–Panyu Square Station via Tiyu Xilu Station North route: Airport South Station–Tiyu Xilu Station Line 4: Huangcun Station–Jinzhou Station Line 5: Jiaokou Station–Wenchong Station Line 6: Xunfenggang Station–Changban Station Line 8: Fenghuang Xincun Station–Wanshengwei Station Guangfo Line: Xilang Station–Kuiqi Lu Station APM: Linhexi Station–Canton Tower Station Buses, taxis and motorcycles See also: List of Bus Routes in Guangzhou The Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit (or GBRT) system which was introduced in 2010, is the world's second largest Bus Rapid Transit system with 1,000,000 [40] passenger trips daily and 26,900 pphpd during the peak hour (second only to the TransMilenio BRT system in Bogota).[41] The system averages 1 bus every 10 seconds or 350 per hour in a single direction and contains the world's longest BRT stations—around 260 m (850 ft) including bridges. In 2009, is was reported that all 9,424 buses and 17,695 taxis in Guangzhou would be operating on LPG-fuel by 2010 to promote clean energy for transport and improve the environment ahead of the 2010 Asian Games which were held in the city.[42] At present[when?], Guangzhou is the city that uses the most LPG-fueled vehicles in the world, and at the end of 2006, 6,500 buses and 16,000 taxis were using LPG, taking up 85 percent of all buses and taxis.[citation needed] Effective January 1, 2007, the municipal government has banned motorcycles in urban areas. Motorcycles found violating the ban will be confiscated.[43] The Guangzhou traffic bureau claimed to have reported reduced traffic problems and accidents in the downtown area since the ban.[44] Air transport Guangzhou's main airport is the Baiyun International Airport in Huadu District opened on August 5, 2004. This airport is also the 2nd busiest airport in terms of traffic movements in China. It replaced the old Baiyun International Airport, which was very close to the city centre and failed to meet the fast-growing air traffic demand. Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport now has two runways, with three more planned to be built.[45] Railway transport Further information: Guangzhou Station, Guangzhou East Station, Guangzhou South Station and Guangzhou North Station Guangzhou is the terminus of the Jingguang railway (Beijing–Guangzhou), the Guangshen railway (Guangzhou–Shenzhen), the Guangmao railway (Guangzhou–Maoming) and the Guangmeishan railway (Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou). In late 2009, the Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway started its service, which enables multiple unit trains to cover 980 km (608.94 mi) at a top speed of 320 km/h (199 mph). In January 2011, the Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway started its service at an average speed of 200 km/h (124 mph). Intercity transport to Hong Kong Guangzhou is well connected to Hong Kong by train, coach and ferry. The Guangdong Through Train departs from the Guangzhou East railway station and arrives at the Hung Hom KCR station in Kowloon, Hong Kong. The route is approximately 182 km (113 mi) in length and the ride takes less than two hours. Frequent coach services are also provided with coaches departing every day from different locations (mostly major hotels) around the city. River transport Pearl River at night There are daily high-speed catamaran services between Nansha Ferry Terminal and Lianhua Shan Ferry Terminal in Guangzhou and the Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal, as well as between Nansha Ferry Terminal and Macau Ferry Pier in Hong Kong. Local products [citation needed] Canton Province Sculpture is legendary and includes Guangzhou Ivory Carvings, Jade Sculpture, Wood Sculpture and Olive Sculpture. Cantonese Enamel includes Guangzhou Colorful Pottery. It has a history of over 300 years. Cantonese Embroidery (Chinese: 粤绣; pinyin: yuè xiù) is one of the Four Famous Chinese Embroideries together with Su Embroidery, Xiang Embroidery and Shu Embroidery. Canton Province Bacon is the general designation of cured meat in the Guangzhou and surrounding areas. Zhujiang Beer (Pearl River Beer) Culture According to the official People's Daily newspaper, Cantonese is the first language for half of the 14 million residents of the provincial capital Guangzhou, while the other half speak mainly Mandarin.[46] Other languages such as Hakka are spoken in significant numbers as well. The migrant population from other provinces of China in Guangzhou was 40 percent of the city's total population in 2008. Most of them are rural migrants and they speak Mandarin and other local dialects from their hometowns. They have taken on many jobs that the locals are unwilling to do.[47] Shangxiajiu in Liwan District Guangzhou is also known to have a sizeable African population. Many components of the culture in Guangzhou includes: Cantonese Cantonese cuisine Cantonese opera Cantonese people Guangdong music (genre) Guangzhou Opera House Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra Xiguan Religions Buddhism is the most prominent religion. Liang Fa (Leung Fat) worked in a printing company in Guangzhou in 1810 and came to know Robert Morrison (1782–1834, a missionary sent by the London Missionary Society in Britain and the first Christian Protestant missionary in China), who translated the Bible to Chinese and needed printing of the translation. When William Milne (1785–1822, another missionary sent by the London Missionary Society) arrived at Guangzhou in 1813 and worked with Morrison on translation of the Bible, he also came to know Liang Fa. Liang was baptized by Milne in 1816. In 1821, Liang was ordained by Morrison, thus becoming a missionary of the London Missionary Society and the first Chinese Protestant minister and evangelist. Western Medicine was introduced to China in the 19th Century, mainly by medical missionaries sent from various Christian mission organizations, such as the London Missionary Society (Britain), the Methodist Church (Britain) and the Presbyterian Church in the United States. Benjamin Hobson (1816–1873), a medical missionary sent by the London Missionary Society in 1839, set up a highly successful Wai Ai Clinic (惠愛醫館) [48][49] in Guangzhou, China. Liang Fa, Hok Chau (周學), also known as Lai-Tong Chau (周勵堂), and others worked there. Liang Fa baptized Chau in 1852. The Methodist Church based in England sent missionary George Piercy [50][51][52] to China. In 1851, Piercy went to Guangzhou, where he worked in a trading company. In 1853, he started a church in Guangzhou. In 1877, Chau was ordained by the Methodist Church in Guangzhou, where he pastored for 39 years. Due to the social custom that men and women should not be near to one another, the women of China were reluctant to be treated by male doctors of Western Medicine. This resulted in a tremendous need for female doctors of Western Medicine in China. Thus, female medical missionary Dr. Mary H. Fulton (1854–1927[53]) was sent by the Foreign Missions Board of the Presbyterian Church in the United States to found the first medical college for women in China. Known as the Hackett Medical College for Women (夏葛女子醫學院),[54][55] this College was located in Guangzhou, China, and was enabled by a large donation from Mr. Edward A.K. Hackett (1851–1916) of Indiana, U.S.A. The College was dedicated in 1902 and offered a four-year curriculum. By 1915, there were more than 60 students, mostly in residence. Most students became Christians, due to the influence of Dr. Fulton. The College was officially recognized, with its diplomas marked with the official stamp of the Guangdong provincial government. The College was aimed at the spreading of Christianity and modern medicine and the elevation of Chinese women's social status. The David Gregg Hospital for Women and Children, also known as Yuji Hospital (柔濟醫院)[56][57] was affiliated with this College. The graduates of this College included Chau Lee-sun (周理信, 1890-1979) and Wong Yuen-hing (黃婉卿), both of whom graduated in the late 1910s [58][59] and then practiced medicine in the hospitals in Guangdong province. At the end of 1932, the medical center involving the Hackett Medical College for Women and the David Gregg Hospital for Women and Children was put under the control of the Chinese government. Furthermore, it affiliated with Guangzhou Hospital and Lingnan University to form the Sun Yat-Sen Medical College in 1936. There are many sites significant to Islamic culture in Guangzhou including the Great Mosque of Guangzhou, Huaisheng Mosque, one of the oldest mosques in the world. There are two versions of its origins. The first is that prior to 500, before the establishment of Islam, Arab seafarers had established trade relations with China, setting off from Basra at the tip of the Persian Gulf and from the town of Qays (Siraf) in the Persian Gulf. They sailed the Indian Ocean passing Sarandip (Sri Lanka) and navigated their way through the Straits of Malacca between the Sumatran and Malaysian peninsulas en route to the South China Sea. They established trading posts on the southeastern coastal ports of Quanzhou and Guangzhou. Some Arabs had already settled in China and probably embraced Islam when the first Muslim deputation arrived, as their families and friends back in Arabia had already embraced Islam during Muhammad's revelation (610–32). The other version is that the mosque was built by the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad in 627. There are many restaurants influenced by Islamic culture such as Hezhou Halal Restaurant, Wuyang Humin Restaurant, and Maedah Restaurant. accordingly there's also a Muslim Hero Tomb In Guangzhou [60] Buddhism has remained the most influential religion in the life of Guangzhou people.[61] Guangzhou has a Jewish community, Guangzhou Buddhist Association, and Guangzhou Daoist Association.[62][63] There is official pressure against underground, non-registered churches in Guangzhou.[64] Destinations Eight Sights of Guangzhou Main article: Eight Sights of Guangzhou The Eight Sights of Guangzhou are the 8 most famous tourist attractions listed by rulers in different ages. The following are those chosen through public appraisal and brought out in 2011. Tayao Xincheng: Canton Tower, Chigang Pagoda, Haixinsha, Flower City Square, Twin Towers, CITIC Plaza and etc. Zhushui Liuguang: Pearl River (segment from Bai'etan to Pazhou), Wharves, Bai'etan, Shamian Island, Yanjiang Lu, Ersha Island, Haixinsha, Guangzhou Convention and Exhibition Center and etc. Yunshan Diecui: Baiyun Mountain, Yuntai Garden and etc. Yuexiu Fenghua: Yuexiu Mountain, Zhenhai Tower, Five Rams Statue, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Monument and etc. Guci Liufang: Chen Clan Academy and Guangdong Folk Craftwork Museum Liwan Shengjing: Litchi Bay, Liwan Lake, Arcades on Enning Lu, Xiguan Residences and etc. Kecheng Jinxiu: Guangzhou Science City Shidi Changwan: Nansha Wetland Park Parks and gardens Baiyun Mountain, literally "White Cloud Mountain" Yuexiu Park (越秀公园) People's Park Luhu Park (麓湖公园) Dongshanhu Park (东山湖公园) Liuhuahu Park (流花湖公园) Liwanhu Park (荔湾湖公园) Yuntai Garden (云台花园) Martyrs' Park (广州起义烈士陵园) The Pearl River Park (珠江公园) South China Botanical Garden Tourist attractions Guangzhou has a humid, hot sub-tropical climate. The annual average temperature is 21.8 °C (71 °F). Autumn, from October to December, is very moderate, cool and windy, and is the best travel time.[65] There are many tourist attractions around the city which include: Xiguan Chen Clan Academy or Chan Clan Ancestral Hall Shamian Island or Shameen Island Guangdong Provincial Museum Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King Temple of the Six Banyan Trees Sacred Heart Cathedral or Stone House Huaisheng Mosque Temple of Bright Filial Piety Chime-Long Paradise Chime-Long WaterPark (长隆水上乐园) Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Temple of the Six Banyan Trees Shishi Sacred Heart Cathedral The Huaisheng Mosque Western style architecture on Shamian Island Towers in Guangzhou's CBD (left-center) with IFC/West Tower (right) and Guangzhou Opera House (front) under construction Pearl River at night Canton Tower,[66] June 2009 Front entrance to the Baiyun Mountain or Mount Baiyun Media Guangzhou has two local radio stations: the provincial Radio Guangdong and the municipal Radio Guangzhou. Together they broadcast in more than a dozen channels. The primary language of both stations is Cantonese. Traditionally only one channel of Radio Guangdong is dedicated to Mandarin (Putonghua). However, in recent years there has been an increase of Mandarin programmes in most Cantonese channels. Radio stations from cities around Guangzhou mainly broadcast in Cantonese and can be received in different parts of the city, depending on the radio stations' locations and transmission power. On the other hand, the Beijing-based China National Radio broadcasts Mandarin programmes in the city. Radio Guangdong also produces a 30-minute weekly English programme, Guangdong Today, which is broadcast globally through the WRN Broadcast. Daily English news programmes are also broadcast by Radio Guangdong. Guangzhou has some of the best Chinese-language newspapers and magazines in mainland China, most of which are published by three major newspaper groups in the city. The Guangzhou Daily Press Group, Nanfang Press Corporation and Yangcheng Evening News Group dominate the newspaper market of the province. The two leading newspapers of the city are Guangzhou Daily and Southern Metropolis Daily. The former, with a circulation of 1.8 million, has been China's most successful newspaper for 14 years in terms of advertising revenue, while Southern Metropolis Daily is considered one of the most liberal newspapers in mainland China. In addition to Guangzhou's Chinese-language publications, there are a few English magazines and newspapers, most notably that's PRD (formerly that's Guangzhou) which was started more than a decade ago and has since blossomed into one of China's leading expat magazines with issues in Beijing, Shanghai and formerly Suzhou, but also including the more recent 'In The Red' magazine, which has been in circulation for a couple of years as of 2013. Education Main article: List of universities and colleges in Guangdong Higher educational institutes Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science, Sun Yat-sen University The main gate of Sun Yat-sen University Universities and colleges Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University (广东技术师范学院) Guangdong University of Business Studies Guangdong University of Finance (广东金融学院) Guangdong University of Foreign Studies Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts Guangzhou Medical College (广州医学院) Guangzhou Sports University Guangzhou University Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Jinan University (founded in 1906) South China Agricultural University (founded in 1909) South China Normal University South China University of Technology Southern Medical University (founded in 1951) Sun Yat-sen University (founded in 1924) Xinghai Conservatory of Music Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Note: Institutes without full-time bachelor programs are not listed. Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre also known as Guangzhou University Town is a large tertiary education complex located in the southeast suburbs of Guangzhou. This huge higher education centre occupies the entire Xiaoguwei island in Panyu District, covering an area of about 18 square kilometres (7 sq mi). It houses new campuses from ten higher education institutions. The whole Higher Education Mega Centre can eventually accommodate up to 200,000 students, 20,000 teachers and 50,000 staff.[67] Higher education institutions with campuses in the Mega Centre: Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangdong University of Foreign Studies Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts Guangzhou University Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine South China Normal University South China University of Technology Sun Yat-sen University Xinghai Conservatory of Music Sports Guangdong Olympic Stadium In 2010, Guangzhou hosted the 16th Asian Games from November 12 to 27 and the first Asian Para Games from December 12 to 19, which were the largest sporting events the city ever hosted. Guangzhou also hosted the following major sporting events: 1987 The 6th National Games of the People's Republic of China 1991 The 1st FIFA Women's World Cup 2001 The 9th National Games of the People's Republic of China 2007 The 8th National Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities of the People's Republic of China 2008 The 49th World Table Tennis Championships 2009 The 11th Sudirman Cup: the world badminton mixed team championships Current professional sports clubs based in Guangzhou include: Sport League Tier Club Stadium Football Chinese Super League 1st Guangzhou Evergrande Tianhe Stadium Football Chinese Super League 1st Guangzhou R&F Yuexiushan Stadium Football China League One 2nd Guangdong Sunray Cave Huangpu Sports Center Basketball National Basketball League 2nd Guangzhou Six-rice Huangpu Stadium Volleyball Chinese Volleyball League 1st Guangdong Evergrande Women's Volleyball Club Guangzhou Sport University Gymnasium Baseball China Baseball League 1st Guangdong Leopards Tianhe Sports Center baseball field Guangzhou Evergrande F.C. Guangzhou Evergrande F.C. is currently the most successful football team in Asia, having won three consecutive national titles in 2011, 2012 and 2013.[dubious – discuss] The team is also the current Asian champion after winning the 2013 AFC Champions League. The club competed in the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup, where it lost 3–0 at the semi-final stage to 2012–13 UEFA Champions League winner FC Bayern Munich.[68] Household registration policy Main article: Hukou system China's system of household registration, also known as a "hukou," restricts the ability of Chinese citizens to freely choose their place of residence and determines eligibility for education and other public benefits. In May 2014, the municipal agencies in Guangzhou responsible for population control, human resources, social security, and civil affairs issued a notice to local state-run employment agencies and family planning centers. The notice stated that those legally employed in Guangzhou should be issued an individual "hukou card" that allows them to marry and obtain permission to have children instead of requiring them to return to their official place of residence. These rules apply to workers in all occupations. Reports in the Chinese media said about 100,000 were affected by these changes.[69] |
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