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Main article: History of Taganrog The history of the city goes back to late Bronze Age–early Iron Age (between the 20th and 10th centuries BCE). It was the earliest Greek settlement in the Northern-Western Black Sea Region, and was mentioned by the Greek historian Herodotus as Emporion Kremnoi.[12] The first Russian Navy base, Taganrog was officially founded by Peter the Great on September 12, 1698[8] and hosted the Azov Flotilla of Catherine the Great (1770–1783). This flotilla subsequently became the Russian Black Sea Fleet. By the end of the 18th century, Taganrog lost its primacy as a military base after Crimea and the Sea of Azov were absorbed into the Russian Empire. In 1802, Alexander I granted the city special status, which lasted until 1887. In 1825, the Alexander I Palace in Taganrog was used as the Tsar's summer residence, where he died in November 1825. Taganrog was important as a commercial port. By the end of the 19th century-early 20th century it was used for the import and export of grain. Belgian and German investors founded a boiler factory, an iron and steel foundry, a leather factory and an oil press factory. By 1911, fifteen foreign consulates had opened in the city.[13] During May–August 1918, the city was occupied by the German troops of the Kaiser Wilhelm II. In 1919, General Anton Denikin established his headquarters at the Avgerino mansion in Taganrog. When Soviet power was established on December 25, 1919, Denikin's remaining troops and the British Consulate were evacuated by HMS Montrose. Full power was granted to the Executive Committee of The City Soviet Workers' council on December 17, 1920 and the city joined the Ukrainian SSR as the administrative center of Taganrog Okrug. However, it was transferred to the Russian SFSR along with Shakhty Okrug on October 1, 1924. During World War II, Taganrog was occupied by the Germans from 1941–1943. Two SS divisions entered the city on October 17, 1941 followed by other military divisions and the city suffered extensive damage. The local government system was replaced by Bürgermeisteramt or "New Russian local government". Taganrog was liberated on August 30, 1943. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Taganrog Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.[2] Climate The climate of Taganrog is temperate (Köppen climate classification Dfa). [hide]Climate data for Taganrog Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) 0.1 (32.2) 0.3 (32.5) 5.9 (42.6) 15.4 (59.7) 22.1 (71.8) 25.8 (78.4) 28.8 (83.8) 27.8 (82) 21.8 (71.2) 14.6 (58.3) 5.5 (41.9) 0.6 (33.1) 14.1 (57.3) Daily mean °C (°F) −2.6 (27.3) −2.6 (27.3) 2.7 (36.9) 11.1 (52) 17.6 (63.7) 21.4 (70.5) 24.6 (76.3) 23.8 (74.8) 18.1 (64.6) 11.1 (52) 2.8 (37) −2.1 (28.2) 10.49 (50.88) Average low °C (°F) −5.5 (22.1) −5.8 (21.6) −0.7 (30.7) 6.3 (43.3) 12.4 (54.3) 16.5 (61.7) 19.7 (67.5) 19.0 (66.2) 13.8 (56.8) 7.4 (45.3) 0.3 (32.5) −4.8 (23.4) 6.6 (43.8) Precipitation mm (inches) 43 (1.69) 40 (1.57) 34 (1.34) 38 (1.5) 38 (1.5) 58 (2.28) 61 (2.4) 39 (1.54) 33 (1.3) 34 (1.34) 42 (1.65) 50 (1.97) 510 (20.08) Source: Rostov-meteo.ru[14] Economy Taganrog is the leading industrial center of Rostov Oblast. Local industry is presented by aerospace, machine-building, automobile, military, iron and steel industry, engineering, metal traders and processors, timber, woodwork, pulp and paper, food, light, chemical and industry of construction materials, and one of the major ports of the Sea of Azov. The biggest company currently operating in Taganrog is Taganrog Metallurgical Plant, (publicly traded company Tagmet). The plant manufactures steel, steel pipe for oil and gas industry and consumer goods. The other major employer is Taganrog Auto Factory (TagAZ Ltd.) which originated from Taganrog Combine Harvester Factory. The plant manufactures automobiles licensed by Hyundai. The production line includes Hyundai Accent compact sedan, mid-size Hyundai Sonata, sport utility vehicle Santa Fe and Hyundai Porter pickup truck. Taganrog is also home to the aircraft design bureau Beriev. The area around Taganrog has a large industrial potential, a diversified agricultural industry, production plants and a modern infrastructure. The location of Taganrog on the intersection of traffic routes and the seaport facilitate access to the emerging CIS markets. Taganrog's main trading partners are the CIS countries, South Korea, Turkey, Italy, Greece, and Egypt. Military An airbase is located 3.6 miles (5.8 km) to the northwest of the city. Religion Jehovah's Witnesses The repression of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Taganrog began in June 2008 when the Rostov Regional Prosecutor filed a claim to liquidate and ban the Taganrog Local Religious Organization of Jehovah’s Witnesses. He also alleged that religious literature published by Jehovah’s Witnesses contains extremist language. The trial court granted the prosecutor’s request, and the Russian Federation Supreme Court upheld the ruling on December 8, 2009. After the Supreme Court ruling, the local authorities confiscated the Kingdom Hall (house of worship) of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Taganrog, forcing the Witnesses to meet for worship in private homes. The court also ordered the authorities to add 34 publications of Jehovah’s Witnesses to the Federal List of Extremist Materials. Jehovah’s Witnesses contested these rulings and sought justice from the European Court of Human Rights. The Taganrog authorities have used these developments as a license to harass and terrorize the Witnesses. In 2011, law enforcement officers entered 19 homes of the Witnesses as early as 6:00 a.m., waking families, including the elderly and children, to conduct 8-to-11-hour searches for alleged extremist literature. The officers indiscriminately confiscated all religious publications and took personal items. Local authorities secretly videotaped religious services and individuals in attendance in an attempt to incriminate them. The events in Taganrog began a state-sponsored campaign of harassment and mistreatment of Jehovah’s Witnesses throughout Russia.[15] Higher education Taganrog College of Technologies Taganrog State Pedagogical Institute Taganrog College of Management and Economy Taganrog in literature The Assumption Cathedral in Taganrog, Russia (1818-1938), where Anton Chekhov was christened on February 10, 1860 The image of the city and its people is featured in numerous Anton Chekhov works, including Ionych, The House with an Attic, The Man in a Shell, Van'ka, Three Years, Mask, My Life and more. It is believed that Taganrog image may be used as Lukomorye (fairy tale land) in Alexander Pushkin's Ruslan and Lyudmila (1820). It also appeared in the novels of Ivan Vasilenko, Konstantin Paustovsky and in the poems of Nikolay Sherbina and Valentin Parnakh. The conspiratorial legend of "Elder Fyodor Kuzmich" is cited in the book Roza Mira by Russian mystic Daniil Andreyev. According to this legend, the Russian tsar Alexander I did not die in Taganrog, but instead left his crown and the status of monarch to continue his life as a traveling hermit. In foreign literature, the city was mentioned in the titles of the following novels: Der Tote von Taganrog by Eberhard von Cranach-Sichart, Taganrog (dedicated to death or disappearance of Alexander I) by Reinhold Schneider. In 2004 Irish poet of German heritage Sabine Wichert published a collection of poems titled Taganrog. Notable people Chekov monument Birth house of Faina Ranevskaya Main article: List of people from Taganrog Numerous Russian and international aristocrats, politicians, artists, and scientists were born and/or have lived in Taganrog. Taganrog is the native city of Anton Chekhov, Faina Ranevskaya, Sophia Parnok, Alexandre Koyré, Isaac Yakovlevich Pavlovsky, and Dmitri Sinodi-Popov; names of Russian emperors Peter I of Russia and Alexander I of Russia; Cornelius Cruys, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Adolph Brodsky, Konstantin Paustovsky, Nestor Kukolnik, Achilles Alferaki, Ioannis Varvakis, Sergei Bondarchuk, Oleg Haslavsky and many other famous people are brought to mind when Taganrog is mentioned. International relations Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia Twin towns and sister cities Taganrog is twinned with:[16] Bulgaria Cherven Bryag, Bulgaria (1963) Germany Lüdenscheid, Germany (1991) Ukraine Mariupol, Ukraine Ukraine Odessa, Ukraine Germany Badenweiler, Germany (2002) China Jining, Shandong, China (June 3, 2009)[17] Belarus Pinsk, Belarus (June 25, 2009)[18] Ukraine Khartsyzk, Ukraine (September 18, 2009)[19] Ukraine Antratsyt, Ukraine (December 7, 2012)[20] Taganrog (Russian: Таганрог; IPA: [təɡɐnˈrok]) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of the Taganrog Bay (Sea of Azov), several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. Population: 257,681 (2010 Census);[6] 281,947 (2002 Census);[10] 291,622 (1989 Census).[11] |
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