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The Institute of Medicine (IOM) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization founded in 1970, under the congressional charter of the National Academy of Sciences.[1] The IOM is part of the United States National Academies, which also includes: National Academy of Sciences (NAS) National Academy of Engineering (NAE) National Research Council (NRC) Its purpose is to provide national advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine, and health, and its mission to serve as adviser to the nation to improve health. It works outside the framework of the U.S. federal government to provide independent guidance and analysis and relies on a volunteer workforce of scientists and other experts, operating under a formal peer-review system. The Institute aims to provide unbiased, evidence-based, and authoritative information and advice concerning health and science policy to policy-makers, professionals, leaders in every sector of society, and the public at large. As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in a field relevant to the IOM's mission as well as for their willingness to participate actively in its work. The outgoing President of the IOM is Harvey V. Fineberg, M.D., Ph.D.; the Interim Leonard D. Schaeffer Executive Officer is Clyde J. Behney. The newly elected president is Victor Dzau, the chancellor for health affairs at Duke University and the CEO of the Duke University Health System. Dzau also serves on the board of PepsiCo as well as Alynlam Pharmaceuticals, Genzyme, and Medtronic.[2] Operations The Institute and The National Academies use a unique process [3] in the attempt to obtain authoritative, objective, and scientifically balanced answers to difficult questions of national importance. Their work is conducted by committees of volunteer scientists—leading national and international experts—who serve without compensation. Committees are composed in an attempt to assure the requisite expertise and to avoid bias or conflict of interest. Every report produced by IOM committees undergoes extensive review and evaluation by a group of external experts who are anonymous to the committee, and whose names are revealed only once the study is published. The majority of IOM studies and other activities are requested and funded by the federal government. Private industry, foundations, and state and local governments also initiate studies, as does the IOM itself. The IOM works in a broad range of categories, including: mental health, child health, food & nutrition, aging, women’s health, education, public policy, healthcare & quality, diseases, global health, workplace, military & veterans, health sciences, environment, treatment, public health & prevention, and minority health. The reports of the IOM are made available online for free by the publishing arm of the United States National Academies, the National Academies Press, in multiple formats. Membership The Institute of Medicine is both an honorific membership organization and a policy research organization. The Institute's members, elected on the basis of their professional achievement and commitment to service, serve without compensation in the conduct of studies and other activities on matters of significance to health. Election to active membership is both an honor and a commitment to serve in Institute affairs. The bylaws of IOM specify that no more than 70 new members shall be elected annually. The announcement of newly elected members occurs at the IOM Annual Meeting in October. As of October 22, 2013, the number of regular members plus foreign associates and emeritus members is 1,966.[4] An unusual diversity of talent among Institute members is assured by the charter stipulation that at least one-quarter be selected from outside the health professions, from such fields as the natural, social, and behavioral sciences, as well as law, administration, engineering, and the humanities. Reception The New York Times calls the IOM the United States' "most esteemed and authoritative adviser on issues of health and medicine, and its reports can transform medical thinking around the world."[5] Notable members, past and present Herbert Kleber, professor of psychiatry, Yale University. Harold Amos, microbiologist and professor Nancy Andrews, Dean of Duke University School of Medicine Elizabeth Blackburn, biologist Ben Carson, columnist and retired American neurosurgeon, former director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital Dennis S. Charney, dean of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City Jewel Plummer Cobb, cell biologist and President of California State University, Fullerton, 1981–90 Francis Collins, geneticist, leader in the Human Genome Project and NIH Director Jim Collins, synthetic biology pioneer and MacArthur genius Anthony Cerami, pioneering medical researcher Kenneth L. Davis, author, medical researcher and CEO of Mount Sinai Medical Center Margaret Hamburg, commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Maurice Hilleman, microbiologist David Ho, pioneer in the use of protease inhibitors in treating HIV-infected patients Leroy Hood, winner of the 2003 Lemelson-MIT Prize Arthur Kellermann, professor and founding chairman of the department of Emergency Medicine at Emory University Philip J. Landrigan, pediatrician and leading advocate of children's health Jeffrey Lieberman, chair of psychiatry, Columbia University; president, American Psychiatric Association Rudolph Leibel, MD, professor at Columbia University whose co-discovery at Rockefeller University of the hormone leptin, and cloning of the leptin and leptin receptor genes, has had a major role in the area of understanding human obesity.[6][7] Susan Lindquist, a molecular biologist and former Director of the Whitehead Institute Howard Markel, George E. Wantz Distinguished Professor of the History of Medicine and Director of the Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan Maclyn McCarty, youngest member of the research team responsible for the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment Sherilyn S. McCoy, CEO of Avon Products and former Vice Chairman of Johnson & Johnson Ruslan Medzhitov, professor of immunobiology at Yale University, co-discoverer of human Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) and winner of the inaugural Else Kröner-Fresenius-Foundation award in 2013 Mario J. Molina, recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Herbert Needleman, pediatrician and psychiatrist Peter R. Orszag, 37th Director of the Office of Management and Budget under President Barack Obama Nicholas A. Peppas, pioneer of biomaterials and drug delivery Samir M. Chebaro, Stanford Medical Center, Dean’s office Child Care Task Force Patricia Flatley Brennan, professor of Nursing and Industrial Engineering at University of Wisconsin–Madison, and theme leader at the Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery. Frederick Redlich, dean of the Yale School of Medicine from 1967 to 1972 James Rothman, winner of the 2002 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research Jeffrey Sachs, economist and director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University David A. Savitz, director of the Disease Prevention and Public Health Institute at the Mount Sinai Medical Center Shirley M. Tilghman, former president of Princeton University Douglas C. Wallace, geneticist and pioneer of human mitochondrial genetics Sheldon Weinbaum, biomedical engineer, biofluid mechanician and Distinguished Professor, Emeritus, at The City College of New York Kern Wildenthal, former president of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School William Julius Wilson, sociologist Elias Zerhouni, former executive vice-dean of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and director of the National Institutes of Health under George W. Bush References Jump up ^ iom.edu About Jump up ^ Newly Elected President Of Institute of Medicine Is On The Pepsico Board Of DirectorsForbes. Jump up ^ unique process Jump up ^ Membership Jump up ^ Gardiner Harris (August 25, 2011). "Vaccine Cleared Again as Autism Culprit" The New York Times. Jump up ^ Shell E (January 1, 2002). "Chapter 4: On the Cutting Edge". The Hungry Gene: The Inside Story of the Obesity Industry. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-1422352434. Jump up ^ Shell E (January 1, 2002). "Chapter 5: Hunger". The Hungry Gene: The Inside Story of the Obesity Industry. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-1422352434. |
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