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The 100 metres, or 100-metre dash, is a sprint race in track and field competitions. The shortest common outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics. It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women. The reigning 100 m Olympic champion is often named "the fastest man/woman in the world". Jamaicans Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce are the reigning world and Olympic champions in the men's and women's 100 metres, respectively. On an outdoor 400 metres running track, the 100 m is run on the home straight, with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race. Runners begin in the starting blocks and the race begins when an official fires the starter's pistol. Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50–60 m. Their speed then slows towards the finish line. The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men's performances, while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race. The current men's world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt, while the women's world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken. The 100 m (109.361 yards) emerged from the metrication of the 100 yards (91.4 m), a now defunct distance originally contested in English-speaking countries. The event is largely held outdoors as few indoor facilities have a 100 m straight. Race dynamics Start Male sprinters await the starter's instructions At the start, some athletes play psychological games such as trying to be last to the starting blocks.[1][2][3] The time between the gun and first kick against the starting block is measured electronically, via sensors built in the gun and the blocks. A reaction time less than 0.1 s is considered a false start. The 0.1-second interval accounts for the sum of the time it takes for the sound of the starter's pistol to reach the runners' ears, and the time it takes to react to it. For many years a sprinter was disqualified if responsible for two false starts individually. However, this rule allowed some major races to be restarted so many times that the sprinters started to lose focus. The next iteration of the rule, introduced in February 2003, meant that one false start was allowed among the field, but anyone responsible for a subsequent false start was disqualified. This rule led to some sprinters deliberately false-starting to gain a psychological advantage: an individual with a slower reaction time might false-start, forcing the faster starters to wait and be sure of hearing the gun for the subsequent start, thereby losing some of their advantage. To avoid such abuse and to improve spectator enjoyment, the IAAF implemented a further change in the 2010 season – a false starting athlete now receives immediate disqualification.[4] This proposal was met with objections when first raised in 2005, on the grounds that it would not leave any room for innocent mistakes. Justin Gatlin commented, "Just a flinch or a leg cramp could cost you a year's worth of work."[5] The rule had a dramatic impact at the 2011 world championships, when current world record holder Usain Bolt was disqualified.[6][7] Mid-race Runners typically reach their top speed just past the halfway point of the race and they progressively decelerate in the later stages of the race. Maintaining that top speed for as long as possible is a primary focus of training for the 100 m.[8] Pacing and running tactics do not play a significant role in the 100 m, as success in the event depends more on pure athletic qualities and technique. Finish The winner, by IAAF Competition Rules, is determined by the first athlete with his or her torso (not including limbs, head, or neck) over the nearer edge of the finish line.[9] When the placing of the athletes is not obvious, a photo finish is used to distinguish which runner was first to cross the line. Climatic conditions See also: wind assistance Climatic conditions, in particular air resistance, can affect performances in the 100 m. A strong head wind is very detrimental to performance, while a tail wind can improve performances significantly. For this reason, a maximum tail wind of 2.0 m/s is allowed for a 100 m performance to be considered eligible for records, or "wind legal". Furthermore, sprint athletes perform better at high altitudes because of the thinner air, which provides less air resistance. In theory, the thinner air would also make breathing slightly more difficult (due to the partial pressure of oxygen being lower), but this difference is negligible for sprint distances where all the oxygen needed for the short dash is already in the muscles and bloodstream when the race starts (explaining why many athletes choose not to breath the duration of the race)[citation needed]. While there are no limitations on altitude, performances made at altitudes greater than 1000 m above sea level are marked with an "A".[10] 10-second barrier Main article: 10-second barrier Gender and ethnicity Main article: race and sports In 2010, Christophe Lemaitre became the first white sprinter to run 100m in under 10 seconds officially. Only male sprinters have beaten the 100 meter, 10-second barrier nearly all of them being of West African descent. Namibian (formerly South-West Africa) Frankie Fredericks became the first man of non-West African heritage to achieve the feat in 1991 and in 2003 Australia's Patrick Johnson (who has Irish and Indigenous Australian heritage) became the first sub-10-second runner without an African background.[11][12][13][14] In 2010, Frenchman Christophe Lemaitre became the first white European under ten seconds (although Poland's Marian Woronin had unofficially surpassed the barrier with a time of 9.992 seconds in 1984).[15] In 2011, Zimbabwean Ngonidzashe Makusha became the 76th man to break the barrier, yet only the fourth man not of West African descent.[16] No sprinter from Asia or East and North Africa has officially achieved this feat,[17][18] though Koji Ito of Japan[19] and Zhang Peimeng of China[20] have both recorded times of exactly ten seconds. It is believed that biological factors may be largely responsible for the notable success in sprinting events enjoyed by athletes of West African descent. Chief among these is a preponderance of natural fast twitch muscle fibers, which aid to obtain higher power, thus higher acceleration and speed. Scientists have concluded that elite-level sprinting is virtually impossible in the absence of the ACTN3 protein, a "speed gene" most common among persons of West African descent that renders fast twitch muscle fibers fast. African American 200 meter and 400 meter world champion Michael Johnson has suggested that the presence of ACTN3 is at the root of the success of these athletes in sprinting events.[17][21] Top sprinters of differing ancestry, such as Christophe Lemaitre, are believed to be exceptions in that they too likely have the genes favourable for sprinting.[21] Colin Jackson, an athlete with mixed ethnic background and former world record holder in the 110 metre hurdles,[22] noted that both his parents were talented athletes and suggested that biological inheritance was the greatest influence, rather than any perceived racial factor. Furthermore, successful black role models in track events may reinforce the racial disparity.[18] Record performances Major 100 m races, such as at the Olympic Games, attract much attention, particularly when the world record is thought to be within reach. The men's world record has been improved upon twelve times since electronic timing became mandatory in 1977.[23] The current men's world record of 9.58 s is held by Usain Bolt of Jamaica, set at the 2009 World Athletics Championships final on 16 August 2009, breaking his own previous world record by 0.11 s.[24] The current women's world record of 10.49 s was set by Florence Griffith-Joyner of the USA, in Indianapolis, Indiana, on 16 July 1988.[25] Some records have been marred by prohibited drug use – in particular, the scandal at the 1988 Summer Olympics when the winner, Canadian Ben Johnson was stripped of his medal and world record. Jim Hines, Ronnie Ray Smith and Charles Green were the first to break the 10-second barrier in the 100 m, all on 20 June 1968, the Night of Speed. Hines also recorded the first legal electronically timed sub-10 second 100 m in winning the 100 metres at the 1968 Olympics. Bob Hayes ran a wind-assisted 9.91 seconds at the 1964 Olympics. Continental records Updated 10 February 2014.[26] Area Men Women Time (s) Wind Athlete Nation Time (s) Wind Athlete Nation Africa (records) 9.85 +1.7 Olusoji Fasuba Nigeria 10.79 +1.1 Blessing Okagbare Nigeria Asia (records) 9.99 +0.9 Samuel Francis Qatar 10.79 0.0 Li Xuemei People's Republic of China Europe (records) 9.86 +0.6 Francis Obikwelu Portugal 10.73 +2.0 Christine Arron France North, Central America and Caribbean (records) 9.58 WR +0.9 Usain Bolt Jamaica 10.49 WR 0.0 Florence Griffith-Joyner United States Oceania (records) 9.93 +1.8 Patrick Johnson Australia 11.11 +1.9 Melissa Breen Australia South America (records) 10.00[A] +1.6 Robson da Silva Brazil 11.05 +1.7 Ana Cláudia Lemos Brazil Notes A Represents a time set at a high altitude.[27] WR World Record Fastest 100 metres runners All-time top 25 men Usain Bolt breaking the world and Olympic records at the 2008 Beijing Olympics See also: 10-second barrier and men's 100 metres world record progression As of January 2013[28] Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Country Date Location 1 9.58 WR +0.9 Usain Bolt Jamaica 16 August 2009 Berlin 2 9.69 +2.0 Tyson Gay United States 20 September 2009 Shanghai −0.1 Yohan Blake Jamaica 23 August 2012 Lausanne 4 9.72 +0.2 Asafa Powell Jamaica 2 September 2008 Lausanne 5 9.78 +0.9 Nesta Carter Jamaica 29 August 2010 Rieti 6 9.79 +0.1 Maurice Greene United States 16 June 1999 Athens +1.5 Justin Gatlin United States 5 August 2012 London 8 9.80 +1.3 Steve Mullings Jamaica 4 June 2011 Eugene 9 9.84 +0.7 Donovan Bailey Canada 27 July 1996 Atlanta +0.2 Bruny Surin Canada 22 August 1999 Seville 11 9.85 +1.2 Leroy Burrell United States 6 July 1994 Lausanne +1.7 Olusoji Fasuba Nigeria 12 May 2006 Ad-Dawhah +1.3 Mike Rodgers United States 4 June 2011 Eugene +1.0 Richard Thompson Trinidad and Tobago 13 August 2011 Port of Spain 15 9.86 +1.2 Carl Lewis United States 25 August 1991 Tokyo −0.7 Frankie Fredericks Namibia 3 July 1996 Lausanne +1.8 Ato Boldon Trinidad and Tobago 19 April 1998 Walnut +0.6 Francis Obikwelu Portugal 22 August 2004 Athens +1.4 Keston Bledman Trinidad and Tobago 23 June 2012 Port of Spain 20 9.87 +0.3 Linford Christie United Kingdom 15 August 1993 Stuttgart −0.2 Obadele Thompson [A] Barbados 11 September 1998 Johannesburg 22 9.88 +1.8 Shawn Crawford United States 19 June 2004 Eugene +1.0 Walter Dix United States 8 August 2010 Nottwil +0.9 Ryan Bailey United States 29 August 2010 Rieti +1.0 Michael Frater Jamaica 30 June 2011 Lausanne More facts about these male runners Usain Bolt also holds the record for the fastest 100 metres with a running start at 8.70 (41 km/hr). This was achieved at a 150 metres race in Manchester 2009, completed in 14.35 (also a World Record). The second fastest all-time record is that of Asafa Powell, with a run of 8.75 on the 4 x 100 metres anchor leg at the Beijing Olympics.[citation needed] Tyson Gay also has a time of 9.68 s set on 29 June 2008 during the 2008 U.S. Olympic Track & Field Trials at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon; the tail wind speed was +4.1 m/s, more than double the IAAF legal limit of +2.0 m/s.[29] Obadele Thompson ran a wind-aided 9.69 in El Paso, Texas in April 1996 which stood as the fastest ever 100m time for 12 years until Tyson Gay's June 2008 performance; the tail wind speed was +5.7 m/s. Justin Gatlin ran 9.77 in Doha on 12 May 2006, which was at the time ratified as a world record. However, the record was rescinded in 2007 after he failed a doping test in April 2006. Carl Lewis ran a time of 9.78 seconds at the 1988 US Olympic trials in Indianapolis, but it was wind aided (the tail wind speed was +5.2 m/s). Tim Montgomery's time of 9.78 at Paris on 14 September 2002 was rescinded following his indictment in the BALCO scandal on drug use and drug trafficking charges. The time had stood as the world record until Asafa Powell first ran 9.77. Ben Johnson ran 9.79 at Seoul on 24 September 1988, but he was disqualified after he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. He subsequently admitted to drug use between 1981 and 1988, and his time of 9.83 at Rome on 30 August 1987 was rescinded. Carl Lewis's 9.92 in the Seoul race was therefore recognized as the world record, and his two prior runs of 9.93 were seen as having equalled the previous world record. Ato Boldon ran a total of four 9.86 clockings, (two in 1998, two in 1999). Steve Mullings serving a lifetime ban for doping. All-time top 25 women Christine Arron (left) wins the 100 m at the Weltklasse meeting. See also: Women's 100 metres world record progression As of July 2013 Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Location 1 10.49 0.0 Florence Griffith-Joyner United States 16 July 1988 Indianapolis 2 10.64 +1.2 Carmelita Jeter United States 20 September 2009 Shanghai 3 10.65 [A] +1.1 Marion Jones United States 12 September 1998 Johannesburg 4 10.70 +0.6 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaica 29 June 2012 Kingston 5 10.73 +2.0 Christine Arron France 19 August 1998 Budapest 6 10.74 +1.3 Merlene Ottey Jamaica 7 September 1996 Milan 7 10.75 +0.4 Kerron Stewart Jamaica 10 July 2009 Rome 8 10.76 +1.7 Evelyn Ashford United States 22 August 1984 Zürich +1.1 Veronica Campbell-Brown Jamaica 31 May 2011 Ostrava 10 10.77 +0.9 Irina Privalova Russia 6 July 1994 Lausanne +0.7 Ivet Lalova Bulgaria 19 June 2004 Plovdiv 12 10.78 [A] +1.0 Dawn Sowell United States 3 June 1989 Provo 10.78 +1.8 Torri Edwards United States 26 June 2008 Eugene 14 10.79 0.0 Li Xuemei People's Republic of China 18 October 1997 Shanghai −0.1 Inger Miller United States 22 August 1999 Seville +1.1 Blessing Okagbare Nigeria 27 July 2013 London 17 10.81 +1.7 Marlies Gohr East Germany 8 June 1983 Berlin 18 10.82 −1.0 Gail Devers United States 1 August 1992 Barcelona +0.4 Gwen Torrence United States 3 September 1994 Paris −0.3 Zhanna Block Ukraine 6 August 2001 Edmonton −0.7 Sherone Simpson Jamaica 24 June 2006 Kingston 22 10.83 +1.7 Marita Koch East Germany 8 June 1983 Berlin 0.0 Sheila Echols United States 16 July 1988 Indianapolis −0.7 Juliet Cuthbert Jamaica 1 August 1992 Barcelona +0.1 Ekaterina Thanou Greece 22 August 1999 Seville +1.6 Kelly-Ann Baptiste Trinidad and Tobago 22 June 2013 Port of Spain More facts about these female runners Florence Griffith-Joyner's World Record has been the subject of a controversy due to strong suspicion of a defective anemometer measuring a tailwind lower than actually present;[30] since 1997 the International Athletics Annual of the Association of Track and Field Statisticians has listed this performance as "probably strongly wind assisted, but recognized as a world record".[31] It can be reasonable to assume a wind reading of about +4.7 m/s for Griffith-Joyner's quarter-final. Her 10.61 the following day and 10.62 at the 1988 Olympics would still make her the world record holder.[32] Sheila Echols' 10.83 clocking was set in the same quarter-final race at the US Olympic trials as Griffith-Joyner's world record, her next best time is 10.99, from the semi-finals of the same meet. Gail Devers also has two other 10.82 performances, 7 July 1993 in Lausanne (+1.5) and 16 August 1993 in the World Championship final in Stuttgart (−0.3). Best Year Performances Men Year Time Athlete Place 1977 9.98A Silvio Leonard (CUB) Guadalajara 1978 10.07(A) Clancy Edwards (USA) Eddie Hart (USA) Steve Williams (USA) Eugene Colorado Springs(A) Zurich 1979 10.01A Pietro Mennea (ITA) Ciudad de Mexico 1980 10.02 James Sanford (USA) Westwood 1981 10.00 Carl Lewis (USA) Dallas 1982 10.00 Carl Lewis (USA) Modesto 1983 9.93A Calvin Smith (USA) Colorado Springs 1984 9.96 Mel Lattany (USA) Athens 1985 9.98 Carl Lewis (USA) Modesto 1986 10.00 Chidi Imoh (NGR) Berlin 1987 9.93 Carl Lewis (USA) Rome 1988 9.92 Carl Lewis (USA) Seoul 1989 9.94 Leroy Burrell (USA) Houston 1990 9.96 Leroy Burrell (USA) Villeneuve d'Ascq; Sestriere(A) 1991 9.86 Carl Lewis (USA) Tokyo 1992 9.93 Michael Marsh (USA) Walnut 1993 9.87 Linford Christie (GBR) Stuttgart 1994 9.85 Leroy Burrell (USA) Lausanne 1995 9.91 Donovan Bailey (CAN) Montreal 1996 9.84 Donovan Bailey (CAN) Atlanta 1997 9.86 Maurice Greene (USA) Athens 1998 9.86 Ato Boldon (TRI) Walnut; Athens 1999 9.79 Maurice Greene (USA) Athens 2000 9.86 Maurice Greene (USA) Berlin 2001 9.82 Maurice Greene (USA) Edmonton 2002 9.89 Maurice Greene (USA) Roma 2003 9.93 Patrick Johnson (AUS) Mito 2004 9.85 Justin Gatlin (USA) Athens 2005 9.77 Asafa Powell (JAM) Athens 2006 9.77 Asafa Powell (JAM) Gateshead; Zurich 2007 9.74 Asafa Powell (JAM) Rieti 2008 9.69 Usain Bolt (JAM) Beijing 2009 9.58 Usain Bolt (JAM) Berlin 2010 9.78 Tyson Gay (USA) Nesta Carter (JAM) London Rieti 2011 9.76 Usain Bolt (JAM) Bruxelles 2012 9.63 Usain Bolt (JAM) London 2013 9.77 Usain Bolt (JAM) Moscow Women Year Time Athlete Place 1977 10.88 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Dresden 1978 10.94 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Dresden 1979 10.97 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Evelyn Ashford (USA) Dresden Walnut 1980 10.93 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Dresden 1981 10.90A Evelyn Ashford (USA) Colorado Springs 1982 10.88 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Karl-Marx-Stadt 1983 10.79A Evelyn Ashford (USA) Colorado Springs 1984 10.76 Evelyn Ashford (USA) Zurich 1985 10.86 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Berlin 1986 10.88 Evelyn Ashford (USA) Rieti 1987 10.86 Anelia Nuneva (BUL) Silke Möller (GER) Beograd Potsdam 1988 10.49 Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA) Indianapolis 1989 10.78A Dawn Sowell (USA) Provo 1990 10.78 Merlene Ottey (JAM) Sevilla 1991 10.79 Merlene Ottey (JAM) Vigo 1992 10.80 Merlene Ottey (JAM) Salamanca 1993 10.82 Gail Devers (USA) Merlene Ottey (JAM) Lausanne;Stuttgart Stuttgart 1994 10.77 Irina Privalova (RUS) Lausanne 1995 10.84 Gwen Torrence (USA) Goteborg 1996 10.74 Merlene Ottey (JAM) Milano 1997 10.76 Marion Jones (USA) Bruxelles 1998 10.65A Marion Jones (USA) Johannesburg 1999 10.70 Marion Jones (USA) Sevilla 2000 10.78 Marion Jones (USA) Sevilla 2001 10.82 Zhanna Block (UKR) Edmonton 2002 10.86 Zhanna Block (USA) Heusden-Zolder 2003 10.86 Chryste Gaines (USA) Monaco 2004 10.77 Ivet Lalova (BUL) Plovdiv 2005 10.84 Chandra Sturrup (BAH) Lausanne 2006 10.82 Sherone Simpson (JAM) Kingston 2007 10.89 Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) Kingston 2008 10.78 Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM) Torri Edwards (USA) Beijing Eugene 2009 10.64 Carmelita Jeter (USA) Shanghai 2010 10.78 Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) Eugene 2011 10.70 Carmelita Jeter (USA) Eugene 2012 10.70 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Kingston 2013 10.71 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Moscow Junior (under-20) men Updated 3 April 2014[33] Rank Fastest time (s) Wind (m/s) Athlete Country Date Location 1 10.01 +0.0 Darrel Brown Trinidad and Tobago 24 August 2003 Paris +1.6 Jeff Demps United States 28 June 2008 Eugene +0.9 Yoshihide Kiryu Japan 29 April 2013 Hiroshima +1.5 Trayvon Bromell United States 29 March 2014 Austin 5 10.03 +0.7 Marcus Rowland United States 31 July 2009 Port of Spain 6 10.04 +1.7 D'Angelo Cherry United States 10 June 2009 Fayetteville +0.2 Christophe Lemaitre France 24 July 2009 Novi Sad 8 10.05 +0.1 Adam Gemili Great Britain 11 July 2012 Barcelona 9 10.06 +2.0 Dwain Chambers Great Britain 25 July 1997 Ljubljana +1.5 Walter Dix United States 27 May 2005 New York City 11 10.07 +2.0 Stanley Floyd United States 24 May 1980 Austin +1.1 DaBryan Blanton United States 30 May 2003 Lincoln +0.2 Tamunosiki Atorudibo Nigeria 8 July 2004 Abuja +0.3 Jimmy Vicaut France 22 July 2011 Tallinn Women Notes British sprinter Mark Lewis-Francis recorded a time of 9.97 seconds on 4 August 2001 (aged 18 years, 334 days) but the wind gauge malfunctioned, invalidating the run. Nigerian sprinters Davidson Ezinwa and Sunday Emmanuel ran 10.05 (4 January 1990) and 10.06 (26 April 1997), respectively, but without wind gauge. Junior (under-20) women Updated 5 May 2012 Rank Fastest time (s) Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Location 1 10.88 +2.0 Marlies Göhr East Germany 1 July 1977 Dresden 2 10.89 +1.8 Katrin Krabbe East Germany 20 July 1988 Berlin 3 11.03 +1.7 Silke Gladisch-Möller East Germany 8 June 1983 Berlin +0.6 English Gardner United States 14 May 2011 Tucson 5 11.04 +1.4 Angela Williams United States 5 June 1999 Boise 6 11.07 +0.7 Bianca Knight United States 27 June 2008 Eugene 7 11.08 +2.0 Brenda Morehead United States 21 June 1976 Eugene 8 11.11 +0.2 Shakedia Jones United States 2 May 1998 Westwood +1.1 Joan Uduak Ekah Nigeria 2 July 1999 Lausanne 10 11.12 +2.0 Veronica Campbell-Brown Jamaica 18 October 2000 Santiago +1.2 Alexandria Anderson United States 22 June 2006 Indianapolis +1.1 Aurieyall Scott United States 24 June 2011 Eugene Youth (under-18) boys Updated 11 December 2012 Rank Fastest time (s) Wind (m/s) Athlete Country Date Location 1 10.19 +0.5 Yoshihide Kiryu Japan 3 November 2012 Fukuroi 2 10.23 +0.8 Tamunosiki Atorudibo Nigeria 23 March 2002 Enugu +1.2 Rynell Parson United States 21 June 2007 Indianapolis 4 10.24 +0.0 Darrel Brown Trinidad and Tobago 14 April 2001 Bridgetown 5 10.25 +1.5 J-Mee Samuels United States 11 July 2004 Knoxville +1.6 Jeff Demps United States 1 August 2007 Knoxville 7 10.26 +1.2 Deworski Odom United States 21 July 1994 Lisboa −0.1 Sunday Emmanuel Nigeria 18 March 1995 Bauchi 9 10.27 +0.2 Henry Thomas United States 19 May 1984 Norwalk +1.6 Curtis Johnson United States 30 June 1990 Fresno +1.0 Ivory Williams United States 8 June 2002 Sacramento −0.2 Jazeel Murphy Jamaica 23 April 2011 Montego Bay Youth (under-18) girls Updated 5 May 2012 Rank Fastest time (s) Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Location 1 11.13 +2.0 Chandra Cheeseborough United States 21 June 1976 Eugene 2 11.14 +1.7 Marion Jones United States 6 June 1992 Norwalk −0.5 Angela Williams United States | 21 June 1997 Edwardsville 4 11.16 +1.2 Gabrielle Mayo United States 22 June 2006 Indianapolis 5 11.17 A +0.6 Wendy Vereen United States 3 July 1983 Colorado Springs 6 11.20 A +1.2 Raelene Boyle Australia 15 June 1968 Mexico City 7 11.24 +1.2 Jeneba Tarmoh United States 22 June 2006 Indianapolis +0.8 Jodie Williams Great Britain 31 May 2010 Bedford 9 11.26 +1.4 Grit Breuer East Germany 30 June 1989 Dresden +1.2 Bianca Knight United States 22 June 2006 Indianapolis Paralympic men Jason Smyth (in lane five) breaking the men's T13 world record at the 2012 Paralympic Games in London. Updated to 14 November 2013[34] Classification Fastest time (s) Wind (m/s) Athlete Country Date Location T11 11.03 +0.4 Lucas Prado Brazil 9 September 2008 Beijing T12 10.66 −0.4 Elchin Muradov Azerbaijan 19 June 2010 Imola T13 10.46 +0.6 Jason Smyth Ireland 1 September 2012 London T32 23.25 +0.0 Martin McDonagh Ireland 13 August 1999 Nottingham T33 17.41 +1.7 Ahmad Almutairi Kuwait 16 March 2013 Sharjah T34 15.69 +0.1 Walid Ktila Tunisia 17 January 2012 Kuwait City T35 12.29 −0.3 Yang Sen People's Republic of China 13 September 2008 Beijing T36 11.90 -0.5 Evgenii Shvetcov Russia 22 July 2013 Lyon T37 11.48 -0.7 Andrey Vdovin Russia 22 July 2013 Lyon T38 10.79 +0.4 Evan O'Hanlon Australia 1 September 2012 London T42 12.11 +1.2 Heinrich Popow Germany 12 July 2013 Leverkusen T43 10.57 +1.9 Alan Fonteles Cardoso Oliveira Brazil 28 July 2013 London T44 10.75 +1.9 Richard Browne United States 28 July 2013 London T45 10.94 +0.2 Yohansson Nascimento Brazil 6 September 2012 London T46 10.72 +0.0 Ajibola Adeoye Nigeria 6 September 1992 Barcelona T51 21.11 +1.2 Toni Piispanen Finland 17 May 2012 Pratteln T52 16.73 +0.4 Paul Nitz United States 20 May 2012 Nottwil T53 14.34 +0.7 Brent Lakatos Canada 28 July 2013 London T54 13.63 +1.0 Leo-Pekka Tähti Finland 1 September 2012 London Paralympic women Updated to 14 November 2013[35] Classification Fastest time (s) Wind (m/s) Athlete Country Date Location T11 12.01 +1.2 Terezinha Guilhermina Brazil 5 September 2012 London T12 11.91 +0.6 Zhou Guohua People's Republic of China 1 September 2012 London T13 11.99 −0.9 Omara Durand Cuba 17 November 2011 Guadalajara T32 37.67 +0.0 Lindsay Wright United Kingdom 25 July 1997 Nottingham T33 21.59 −0.4 Kristen Messer United States 31 August 2012 London T34 17.54 -0.5 Hannah Cockroft United Kingdom 25 May 2013 Pratteln T35 15.63 −0.3 Oxana Corso Italy 22 July 2013 Lyon T36 13.82 +0.3 Wang Fang People's Republic of China 16 September 2008 Beijing T37 13.68 +0.4 Mandy Francois-Elie France 8 June 2013 Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire T38 13.10 -0.6 Sophie Hahn United Kingdom 24 July 2013 Lyon T42 15.18 −0.5 Martina Caironi Italy 6 June 2013 Rome T43 12.96 +0.8 Marlou van Rhijn Netherlands 15 June 2013 London T44 12.98 +0.0 April Holmes Netherlands 1 July 2006 Atlanta T45 14.00 +0.0 G Cole Canada 2 June 1980 Arnhem T46 11.95 −0.2 Yunidis Castillo Cuba 4 September 2012 London T51 32.08 +0.0 V Hill United States 27 August 1989 Stoke Mandeville T52 18.67 +1.7 Michelle Stilwell Canada 14 July 2012 Windsor T53 16.22 −0.2 Huang Lisha People's Republic of China 12 September 2008 Beijing T54 15.82 +0.5 Wenjun Liu People's Republic of China 8 September 2012 London Olympic medalists Further information: 100 metres at the Olympics Men Games Gold Silver Bronze 1896 Athens details Thomas Burke (USA) Fritz Hofmann (GER) Francis Lane (USA) Alajos Szokolyi (HUN) 1900 Paris details Frank Jarvis (USA) Walter Tewksbury (USA) Stan Rowley (AUS) 1904 St. Louis details Archie Hahn (USA) Nate Cartmell (USA) William Hogenson (USA) 1908 London details Reggie Walker (RSA) James Rector (USA) Robert Kerr (CAN) 1912 Stockholm details Ralph Craig (USA) Alvah Meyer (USA) Donald Lippincott (USA) 1920 Antwerp details Charlie Paddock (USA) Morris Kirksey (USA) Harry Edward (GBR) 1924 Paris details Harold Abrahams (GBR) Jackson Scholz (USA) Arthur Porritt (NZL) 1928 Amsterdam details Percy Williams (CAN) Jack London (GBR) Georg Lammers (GER) 1932 Los Angeles details Eddie Tolan (USA) Ralph Metcalfe (USA) Arthur Jonath (GER) 1936 Berlin details Jesse Owens (USA) Ralph Metcalfe (USA) Tinus Osendarp (NED) 1948 London details Harrison Dillard (USA) Barney Ewell (USA) Lloyd LaBeach (PAN) 1952 Helsinki details Lindy Remigino (USA) Herb McKenley (JAM) McDonald Bailey (GBR) 1956 Melbourne details Bobby Morrow (USA) Thane Baker (USA) Hector Hogan (AUS) 1960 Rome details Armin Hary (EUA) Dave Sime (USA) Peter Radford (GBR) 1964 Tokyo details Bob Hayes (USA) Enrique Figuerola (CUB) Harry Jerome (CAN) 1968 Mexico City details Jim Hines (USA) Lennox Miller (JAM) Charles Greene (USA) 1972 Munich details Valeriy Borzov (URS) Robert Taylor (USA) Lennox Miller (JAM) 1976 Montreal details Hasely Crawford (TRI) Don Quarrie (JAM) Valeriy Borzov (URS) 1980 Moscow details Allan Wells (GBR) Silvio Leonard (CUB) Petar Petrov (BUL) 1984 Los Angeles details Carl Lewis (USA) Sam Graddy (USA) Ben Johnson (CAN) 1988 Seoul details Carl Lewis (USA) Linford Christie (GBR) Calvin Smith (USA) 1992 Barcelona details Linford Christie (GBR) Frankie Fredericks (NAM) Dennis Mitchell (USA) 1996 Atlanta details Donovan Bailey (CAN) Frankie Fredericks (NAM) Ato Boldon (TRI) 2000 Sydney details Maurice Greene (USA) Ato Boldon (TRI) Obadele Thompson (BAR) 2004 Athens details Justin Gatlin (USA) Francis Obikwelu (POR) Maurice Greene (USA) 2008 Beijing details Usain Bolt (JAM) Richard Thompson (TRI) Walter Dix (USA) 2012 London details Usain Bolt (JAM) Yohan Blake (JAM) Justin Gatlin (USA) Women Games Gold Silver Bronze 1928 Amsterdam details Betty Robinson (USA) Fanny Rosenfeld (CAN) Ethel Smith (CAN) 1932 Los Angeles details Stanisława Walasiewicz (POL) Hilda Strike (CAN) Wilhelmina von Bremen (USA) 1936 Berlin details Helen Stephens (USA) Stanisława Walasiewicz (POL) Käthe Krauß (GER) 1948 London details Fanny Blankers-Koen (NED) Dorothy Manley (GBR) Shirley Strickland (AUS) 1952 Helsinki details Marjorie Jackson (AUS) Daphne Hasenjager (RSA) Shirley Strickland de la Hunty (AUS) 1956 Melbourne details Betty Cuthbert (AUS) Christa Stubnick (EUA) Marlene Matthews (AUS) 1960 Rome details Wilma Rudolph (USA) Dorothy Hyman (GBR) Giuseppina Leone (ITA) 1964 Tokyo details Wyomia Tyus (USA) Edith McGuire (USA) Ewa Kłobukowska (POL) 1968 Mexico City details Wyomia Tyus (USA) Barbara Ferrell (USA) Irena Szewińska (POL) 1972 Munich details Renate Stecher (GDR) Raelene Boyle (AUS) Silvia Chibás (CUB) 1976 Montreal details Annegret Richter (FRG) Renate Stecher (GDR) Inge Helten (FRG) 1980 Moscow details Lyudmila Kondratyeva (URS) Marlies Göhr (GDR) Ingrid Auerswald (GDR) 1984 Los Angeles details Evelyn Ashford (USA) Alice Brown (USA) Merlene Ottey (JAM) 1988 Seoul details Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA) Evelyn Ashford (USA) Heike Drechsler (GDR) 1992 Barcelona details Gail Devers (USA) Juliet Cuthbert (JAM) Irina Privalova (EUN) 1996 Atlanta details Gail Devers (USA) Merlene Ottey (JAM) Gwen Torrence (USA) 2000 Sydney details Vacant[36] Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) Merlene Ottey (JAM) Tayna Lawrence (JAM) 2004 Athens details Yulia Nestsiarenka (BLR) Lauryn Williams (USA) Veronica Campbell (JAM) 2008 Beijing details Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM) Sherone Simpson (JAM) none awarded Kerron Stewart (JAM) 2012 London details Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Carmelita Jeter (USA) Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) World Championship medalists Men Championships Gold Silver Bronze 1983 Helsinki Carl Lewis (USA) 10.07 Calvin Smith (USA) 10.21 Emmit King (USA) 10.24 1987 Rome Carl Lewis (USA) 9.93 Raymond Stewart (JAM) 10.08 Linford Christie (GBR) 10.14 1991 Tokyo Carl Lewis (USA) 9.86 Leroy Burrell (USA) 9.88 Dennis Mitchell (USA) 9.91 1993 Stuttgart Linford Christie (GBR) 9.87 Andre Cason (USA) 9.92 Dennis Mitchell (USA) 9.99 1995 Gothenburg Donovan Bailey (CAN) 9.97 Bruny Surin (CAN) 10.03 Ato Boldon (TRI) 10.03 1997 Athens Maurice Greene (USA) 9.86 Donovan Bailey (CAN) 9.91 Tim Montgomery (USA) 9.94 1999 Seville Maurice Greene (USA) 9.80 Bruny Surin (CAN) 9.84 Dwain Chambers (GBR) 9.97 2001 Edmonton Maurice Greene (USA) 9.82 Bernard Williams (USA) 9.94 Ato Boldon (TRI) 9.98 2003 Paris Kim Collins (SKN) 10.07 Darrel Brown (TRI) 10.08 Darren Campbell (GBR) 10.08 2005 Helsinki Justin Gatlin (USA) 9.88 Michael Frater (JAM) 10.05 Kim Collins (SKN) 10.05 2007 Osaka Tyson Gay (USA) 9.85 Derrick Atkins (BAH) 9.91 Asafa Powell (JAM) 9.96 2009 Berlin Usain Bolt (JAM) 9.58 Tyson Gay (USA) 9.71 Asafa Powell (JAM) 9.84 2011 Daegu Yohan Blake (JAM) 9.92 Walter Dix (USA) 10.08 Kim Collins (SKN) 10.09 2013 Moscow Usain Bolt (JAM) 9.77 Justin Gatlin (USA) 9.85 Nesta Carter (JAM) 9.95 Women Championships Gold Silver Bronze 1983 Helsinki Marlies Oelsner-Göhr (GDR) Marita Koch (GDR) Diane Williams (USA) 1987 Rome Silke Gladisch-Möller (GDR) Heike Daute-Drechsler (GDR) Merlene Ottey (JAM) 1991 Tokyo Katrin Krabbe (GER) Gwen Torrence (USA) Merlene Ottey (JAM) 1993 Stuttgart Gail Devers (USA) Merlene Ottey (JAM) Gwen Torrence (USA) 1995 Gothenburg Gwen Torrence (USA) Merlene Ottey (JAM) Irina Privalova (RUS) 1997 Athens Marion Jones (USA) Zhanna Pintusevich (UKR) Savatheda Fynes (BAH) 1999 Seville Marion Jones (USA) Inger Miller (USA) Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) 2001 Edmonton Zhanna Pintusevich-Block (UKR) Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) Chandra Sturrup (BAH) 2003 Paris Torri Edwards (USA) Zhanna Block (UKR) Chandra Sturrup (BAH) 2005 Helsinki Lauryn Williams (USA) Veronica Campbell (JAM) Christine Arron (FRA) 2007 Osaka Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) Lauryn Williams (USA) Carmelita Jeter (USA) 2009 Berlin Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM) Kerron Stewart (JAM) Carmelita Jeter (USA) 2011 Daegu Carmelita Jeter (USA) Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) Kelly-Ann Baptiste (TRI) 2013 Moscow Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM) Murielle Ahouré (CIV) Carmelita Jeter (USA) |
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