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United Kingdom Map of the United Kingdom showing its four "constituent countries". The United Kingdom is an unusual example of a nation state, due to its "countries within a country" status. The United Kingdom which is formed by the union of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, is a unitary state formed initially by the merger of two independent kingdoms, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, but the Treaty of Union (1707) that set out the agreed terms has ensured the continuation of distinct features of each state, including separate legal systems and separate national churches. In 2003, the British Government described the United Kingdom as "countries within a country".[19] While the Office for National Statistics and others describe the United Kingdom as a "nation state",[20][21] others, including a then Prime Minister, describe it as a "multinational state",[22][23][24] and the term Home Nations is used to describe the four national teams that represent the four nations of the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales).[25] Kingdom of the Netherlands A similar unusual example is the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As of 10 October 2010, the Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four countries:[26] Netherlands proper Aruba Curaçao Sint Maarten Each is expressly designated as a land in Dutch law by the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands.[27] Unlike the German Länder and the Austrian Bundesländer, landen is consistently translated as "countries" by the Dutch government.[28][29][30] Israel Israel's definition of a nation state differs from other countries as its concept of a nation state is based on the ethnoreligious group (in this case, Jews) rather than solely on ethnicity, while the ancient language of the Jewish people, Hebrew, was revived as a national and official language as a unifying bond between them. Israel was founded as a Jewish state in 1948. Its "Basic Laws" describe it as both a Jewish and a democratic state. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, 75.7% of Israel's population is Jewish.[31] Large numbers of Jews continue to emigrate to Israel. Arabs, who make up 20.4% of the population, are the largest ethnic minority in Israel. Israel also has very small communities of Armenians, Circassians, Assyrians, Samaritans, and persons of some Jewish heritage. There are also some non-Jewish spouses of Israeli Jews. However, these communities are very small, and usually number only in the hundreds or thousands. Pakistan Pakistan, even being an ethnically diverse country and officially a federation, is regarded as a nation state[32] due to its ideological basis on which it was given independence from British India as a separate nation rather than as part of a unified India. Different ethnic groups in Pakistan are strongly bonded by their common Muslim identity, common cultural and social values, common historical heritage, a national Lingua franca (Urdu) and joint political, strategic and economic interests.[32][33] |
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