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Gravitational wave (2014) There was considerable scepticism whether gravitational waves can be detected experimentally? [41][42] In March 2014, The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics announced that it had detected Gravitational Waves experimentally, which ended the century old search for direct experimental evidence. [43] Ball lightning (2014) In January 2014, scientists from Northwest Normal University in Lanzhou, China, published the results of recordings made in July 2012 of the optical spectrum of what was thought to be natural ball lightning made during the study of ordinary cloud–ground lightning on China's Qinghai Plateau.[44][45] At a distance of 900 m (3,000 ft), a total of 1.64 seconds of digital video of the ball lightning and its spectrum was made, from the formation of the ball lightning after the ordinary lightning struck the ground, up to the optical decay of the phenomenon. It is now believed that ball lightning is vaporized silicon in the soil that then rapidly oxidizes in the atmosphere.[45] Hipparcos anomaly (2012) The actual distance to the Pleiades - the High Precision Parallax Collecting Satellite (Hipparcos) measured the parallax of the Pleiades and determined a distance of 385 light years. This was significantly different from other measurements made by means of actual to apparent brightness measurement or absolute magnitude. The anomaly was due to a systematic bias in the Hipparcos data when it comes to star clusters; the Hipparcos results for clusters are consistently closer than they should be.[46][not in citation given] Pioneer anomaly (2012) Gnome-searchtool.svg This section's factual accuracy is disputed. (January 2014) There was a deviation in the predicted accelerations of the Pioneer spacecraft as they left the Solar System.[3][11] It is believed that this is a result of previously unaccounted-for thermal recoil force.[47][48] Long-duration gamma ray bursts (2003) Long-duration bursts are associated with the deaths of massive stars in a specific kind of supernova-like event commonly referred to as a collapsar. However, there are also long-duration GRBs that show evidence against an associated supernova, such as the Swift event GRB 060614. Solar neutrino problem (2002) Solved by a new understanding of neutrino physics, requiring a modification of the Standard Model of particle physics—specifically, neutrino oscillation. Age Crisis (1990s) The estimated age of the universe was around 3 to 8 billion years younger than estimates of the ages of the oldest stars in our galaxy. Better estimates for the distances to the stars, and the recognition of the accelerating expansion of the universe, reconciled the age estimates. Quasars (1980s) The nature of quasars was not understood for decades.[49] They are now accepted as a type of active galaxy where the enormous energy output results from matter falling into a massive black hole in the center of the galaxy.[50] |
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