After the discovery by Rutherford and Bohr of the atomic structure in 1912, and by Marie and Pierre Curie of radioactivity, scientists had to change their viewpoint on the nature of matter. The experi ...
Classically, before the 20th century, chemistry was defined as the science of the nature of matter and its transformations. It was therefore clearly distinct from physics which was not concerned with ...
In 1903, Mikhail Tsvet invented chromatography, an important analytic technique. In 1904, Hantaro Nagaoka proposed an early nuclear model of the atom, where electrons orbit a dense massive nucleus. In ...
In 1802, French American chemist and industrialist ?leuthère Irénée du Pont, who learned manufacture of gunpowder and explosives under Antoine Lavoisier, founded an gunpowder manufacturer in Delaw ...
Practical attempts to improve the refining of ores and their extraction to smelt metals was an important source of information for early chemists in the 16th century, among them Georg Agricola (1494– ...
The elemental system used in Medieval alchemy was developed primarily by the Persian alchemist Jābir ibn Hayyān and rooted in the classical elements of Greek tradition. His system consisted of the f ...
Early Metallurgy Main articles: History of ferrous metallurgy and History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinentThe earliest recorded metal employed by humans seems to be gold which can be found fre ...
The history of chemistry encompasses a span of time reaching from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, ancient civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the variou ...
