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Cotton was cultivated by the 5th millennium BCE-4th millennium BCE.[34] Wheat, barley, and jujube were domesticated in the Indian subcontinent by 9000 BCE; Domestication of sheep and goat soon followed.[35] Barley and wheat cultivation—along with the domestication of cattle, primarily sheep and goat—continued in Mehrgarh culture by 8000-6000 BCE.[36][37] This period also saw the first domestication of the elephant.[35] Agro pastoralism in India included threshing, planting crops in rows—either of two or of six—and storing grain in granaries.[37][38] By the 5th millennium BCE agricultural communities became widespread in Kashmir.[37] Archaeological evidence indicates that rice was a part of the Indian diet by 8000 BCE.[39][unreliable source?] The Encyclopædia Britannica—on the subject of the first certain cultivated rice—holds that:[40] A number of cultures have evidence of early rice cultivation, including China, India, and the civilizations of Southeast Asia. Irrigation was developed in the Indus Valley Civilization by around 4500 BCE.[41] The size and prosperity of the Indus civilization grew as a result of this innovation, which eventually led to more planned settlements making use of drainage and sewers.[41] Archeological evidence of an animal-drawn plough dates back to 2500 BCE in the Indus Valley Civilization.[42] |
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