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While there are ancient relations between the Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two main families of the Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human being's position in society and their view of man's role in the universe. The first charter of human rights by Cyrus the Great as understood in the Cyrus cylinder is often seen as a reflection of the questions and thoughts expressed by Zarathustra and developed in Zoroastrian schools of thought of the Achaemenid Era of Iranian history.[6][7] Schools of thought Ideas and tenets of Zoroastrian schools of Early Persian philosophy are part of many works written in Middle Persian and of the extant scriptures of the zoroastrian religion in Avestan language. Among these are treatises such as the Shikand-gumanic Vichar by Mardan-Farrux Ohrmazddadan, selections of Denkard, Wizidagīhā-ī Zātspram ("Selections of Zātspram") as well as older passages of the book Avesta, the Gathas which are attributed to Zarathustra himself and regarded as his "direct teachings".[8] Zoroastrianism Zarathustra Jamasp Ostanes Mardan-Farrux Ohrmazddadan[9] Adurfarnbag Farroxzadan[10] Adurbad Emedan[10] Avesta Gathas Anacharsis Pre-Manichaean thought Bardesanes[11][12] Manichaeism Mani (c. 216 – 276 CE) Ammo[13] Mazdakism Mazdak the Elder[14] Mazdak (died c. 524 or 528 CE) Zurvanism Aesthetic Zurvanism Materialist Zurvanism Fatalistic Zurvanism Philosophy and the empire Political philosophy Tansar University of Gundishapur Borzouye Bakhtshooa Gondishapuri Emperor Khosrau's philosophical discourses Paul the Persian Literature Pahlavi literature |
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