Philosophers Presocratic philosophers Milesian School Thales (624 – c 546 BCE) Anaximander (610 – 546 BCE) Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 585 – c. 525 BCE) Pythagoreans Pythagoras (582 – 496 BCE) Philolaus (470 – 380 BCE) Alcmaeon of Croton Archytas (428 – 347 BCE) Heraclitus (535 – 475 BCE) Eleatic School Xenophanes (570 – 470 BCE) Parmenides (510 – 440 BCE) Zeno of Elea (490 – 430 BCE) Melissus of Samos (c. 470 BCE – ?) Pluralists Empedocles (490 – 430 BCE) Anaxagoras (500 – 428 BCE) Atomists Leucippus (first half of 5th century BCE) Democritus (460 – 370 BCE) Metrodorus of Chios (4th century BCE) Pherecydes of Syros (6th century BCE) Sophists Protagoras (490 – 420 BCE) Gorgias (487 – 376 BCE) Antiphon (480 – 411 BCE) Prodicus (465/450 – after 399 BCE) Hippias (middle of the 5th century BCE) Thrasymachus (459 – 400 BCE) Callicles Critias Lycophron Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 460 BCE – ?) Classical Greek philosophers Socrates (469 – 399 BCE) Euclid of Megara (450 – 380 BCE) Antisthenes (445 – 360 BCE) Aristippus (435 – 356 BCE) Plato (428 – 347 BCE) Speusippus (407 – 339 BCE) Diogenes of Sinope (400 – 325 BCE) Xenocrates (396 – 314 BCE) Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE) Stilpo (380 – 300 BCE) Theophrastus (370 – 288 BCE) Hellenistic philosophy Pyrrho (365 – 275 BCE) Epicurus (341 – 270 BCE), see: Epicureanism Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger) (331 – 278 BCE) Zeno of Citium (333 – 263 BCE) Cleanthes (331 – 232 BCE) Timon (320 – 230 BCE) Arcesilaus (316 – 232 BCE) Menippus (3rd century BCE) Archimedes (c. 287 – 212 BCE) Chrysippus (280 – 207 BCE) Carneades (214 – 129 BCE) Clitomachus (187 – 109 BCE) Metrodorus of Stratonicea (late 2nd century BCE) Philo of Larissa (160 – 80 BCE) Posidonius (135 – 51 BCE) Antiochus of Ascalon (130 – 68 BCE) Aenesidemus (1st century BCE) Agrippa (1st century CE) Hellenistic schools of thought Cynicism Eclecticism Epicureanism Neo-Platonism Peripatetic School Skepticism Stoicism Sophism Early Roman and Christian philosophy See also: Christian philosophy Philosophers during Roman times Plotinus Cicero (106 – 43 BCE) Lucretius (94 – 55 BCE) Seneca (4 BCE – 65 CE) Musonius Rufus (30 – 100 CE) Plutarch (45 – 120 CE) Epictetus (55 – 135 CE) Marcus Aurelius (121 – 180 CE) Clement of Alexandria (150 – 215 CE) Alcinous (philosopher) (2nd century CE) Sextus Empiricus (3rd century CE) Alexander of Aphrodisias (3rd century CE) Ammonius Saccas (3rd century CE) Plotinus (205 – 270 CE) Porphyry (232 – 304 CE) Iamblichus (242 – 327 CE) Themistius (317 – 388 CE) Augustine of Hippo (354 – 430 CE) Proclus (411 – 485 CE) Damascius (462 – 540 CE) Boethius (472 – 524 CE) Simplicius of Cilicia (490 – 560 CE) Philoponus of Alexandria (490 – 570 CE) |
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