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Main article: Roman
Kingdom
The city of Rome grew from settlements around a ford on the riverTiber,
a crossroads of traffic and trade.[23] According
toarchaeological evidence,
the village of Rome was probably founded some time in the 8th century BC, though
it may go back as far as the 10th century BC, by members of the Latin
tribe of Italy, on the top of thePalatine
Hill.[24][25]
The Etruscans,
who had previously settled to the north in Etruria,
seem to have established political control in the region by the late 7th century
BC, forming the aristocratic and monarchical elite. The Etruscans apparently
lost power in the area by the late 6th century BC, and at this point, the
original Latin and Sabine tribes reinvented their government by creating a republic,
with much greater restraints on the ability of rulers to exercise power.[26]
Roman tradition and archaeological evidence point to a complex within the Forum
Romanum as the seat of power for
the king and the beginnings of the religious center there as well. Numa
Pompilius was the secondking
of Rome, succeeding Romulus.
He began Rome's great building projects with his royal palace the Regia and
the complex of the Vestal
virgins.
Republic
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