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Belgium Areas controlled by European colonial powers on the African continent in 1914 Congo Free State and Belgian Congo (today's Democratic Republic of the Congo) Ruanda-Urundi (comprising modern Rwanda and Burundi, between 1916 and 1960) France French West Africa: Mauritania Senegal French Sudan (now Mali) French Guinea (now Guinea) Côte d'Ivoire Niger French Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) French Dahomey (now Benin) French Equatorial Africa: Gabon Middle Congo (now the Republic of the Congo) Oubangi-Chari (now the Central African Republic) Chad French Algeria (now Algeria) Tunisia French Morocco French Somaliland (now Djibouti) Madagascar Comoros Germany German Kamerun (now Cameroon and part of Nigeria) German East Africa (now Rwanda, Burundi and most of Tanzania) German South-West Africa (now Namibia) German Togoland (now Togo and eastern part of Ghana) Italy Italian North Africa (now Libya) Eritrea Italian Somaliland (now part of Somalia) Portugal Portuguese West Africa (now Angola) Mainland Angola Portuguese Congo (now Cabinda Province of Angola) Portuguese East Africa (now Mozambique) Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau) Cape Verde Islands São Tomé e Príncipe São Tomé Island Príncipe Island Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá (now Ouidah, in Benin) Spain Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara) Río de Oro Saguia el-Hamra Spanish Morocco Tarfaya Strip Ifni Spanish Guinea (now Equatorial Guinea) Fernando Po Río Muni Annobon United Kingdom Egypt Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (now Sudan) British Somaliland (now part of Somalia) British East Africa: Kenya Uganda Protectorate (now Uganda) Tanganyika (1919–1961, now part of Tanzania) Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania) Bechuanaland (now Botswana) Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) British South Africa (now South Africa) Transvaal (now part of South Africa) Cape Colony (now part of South Africa) Colony of Natal (now part of South Africa) Orange Free State (now part of South Africa) The Gambia Sierra Leone Nigeria Cameroons (now parts of Cameroon and Nigeria) British Gold Coast (now Ghana) Nyasaland (now Malawi) Basutoland (now Lesotho) Swaziland Independent states Liberia, founded by the American Colonization Society of the United States in 1821; declared independence in 1847 Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinia) had its borders re-drawn with Italian Eritrea and French Somaliland (modern Djibouti), briefly occupied by Italy from 1936 to 1941 during the Abyssinia Crisis; Sudan, independent under Mahdi rule between 1885 and 1899.[208] |
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