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19th century in film See also: 19th century in film 1886 - Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince is granted an American dual-patent on a 16-lens device that combined a motion picture camera with a projector. 1888 - The Roundhay Garden Scene, shot in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England by Le Prince, is credited as the first film. It is recorded at a groundbreaking 20 frames per second and is the earliest surviving film. Thomas Edison describes the concept of the Kinetoscope, an early motion picture exhibition device. 1889 - Eastman Kodak is the first company to begin commercial production of film on a flexible transparent base, celluloid. The first moving pictures developed on celluloid film are made in Hyde Park, London by William Friese Greene. 1890 - William Dickson completes his work for Thomas Edison on the Kinetograph cylinder either in this year or 1889. Monkeyshines No. 1 becomes the first film shot on the system. 1891 - Thomas Edison files for a patent of the motion picture camera. Thomas Edison holds the first public presentation of his Kinetoscope for the National Federation of Women's Clubs. 1892 - The Kinetoscope is completed by W.K. Dickson, at the employ of Thomas Edison. In France, Charles-Émile Reynaud begins to have public screenings in Paris at the Théâtre Optique, with hundreds of drawings on a reel that he wound through his Projecting Praxinoscope, similar to the Zoetrope, to construct moving images that continued for 15 minutes. The Eastman Company becomes the Eastman Kodak Company. Max Skladanowsky develops a camera and shoots his first footage this year, but its unusual interleaved image format leaves him ultimately unable to exhibit it until work is completed on the Bioskop projector in late 1895. 1893 - Thomas Edison is granted Patent #493,426 for "An Apparatus for Exhibiting Photographs of Moving Objects" (The Kinetoscope). Edison builds "America's First Movie Studio", the Black Maria, in West Orange, New Jersey. The premiere of the completed Kinetoscope is held on May 9 at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences: The first film publicly shown on the system was Blacksmith Scene (aka Blacksmiths). 1894 - W.K. Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film. Thomas Edison records Fred Ott's sneeze. Auguste and Louis Lumière patent the Cinématographe, a combination movie camera and projector. 1895 - The cinématographe is patented. First footage ever to be shot using it is recorded on March 19. The Lumière brothers hold their first private screening of projected motion pictures on March 22. The Lumières give the first public screening at L'Eden, the world's first and oldest cinéma (theater), located in La Ciotat, France, on September 28. Gaumont Pictures is founded by the engineer-turned-inventor, Léon Gaumont. In the US, the Dickson Experimental Sound Film presents two men dancing to the sound of a violin player, in what The Celluloid Closet calls the first gay cinema reference. The first screening of movies at which admission was charged takes place on December 28, in Paris, at the Salon Indien du Grand Café. This historical screening is based on ten short films, in the following order (and respective length): Sortie de l'usine Lumière à Lyon (Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory), 46 seconds; La Voltige ("Horse Trick Riders"), 46 seconds: La Pêche aux Poissons Rouges ("Fishing for Goldfish"), 42 seconds; Le Débarquement du Congrès de Photographie à Lyon ("The Disembarkment of the Congress of Photographers in Lyon"), 48 seconds; Les Forgerons ("Blacksmiths"), 49 seconds; Le Jardinier (l'Arroseur Arrosé) ("The Gardener, [The Sprinkler Sprinkled]"), 49 seconds; Le Repas (de Bébé) ("Baby's Meal"), 41 seconds; Le Saut à la Couverture ("Jumping Onto the Blanket"), 41 seconds; La Place des Cordeliers à Lyon ("Cordeliers Square in Lyon - a Street Scene"), 44 seconds; La Mer (Baignade en Mer) ("The Sea [Bathing in the Sea]"), 38 seconds. In Germany, Emil and Max Skladanowsky develop their own film projector - they project from November 1 in Berlin. The American Mutoscope and Biograph Company motion pictures was founded in New Jersey by the KMCD Syndicate of William Kennedy Dickson, Henry Marvin, Herman Casler and Elias Koopman. Woodville Latham and his sons develop the Latham Loop - the concept of loose loops of film on either side of the intermittent movement to prevent stress from the jerky movement. This is debuted in the Eidoloscope, which is also the first widescreen format (1.85:1). Herman Casler of American Mutoscope Company, aka American Mutoscope and Biograph Company manufactures the Biograph 68 mm camera, which will become the first successful large format 68 mm (70 mm) film. 1896 - Pathé Frères is founded. In Britain, Birt Acres and Robert W. Paul developed their own film projector, the Theatrograph (later known as the Animatograph). Georges Méliès buys an English projector from Robert William Paul and shoots his first films. A projector called the Vitascope is designed by Charles Francis Jenkins. The first theater in the US dedicated exclusively to showing motion pictures is Vitascope Hall, established on Canal Street, New Orleans, Louisiana. The first screen kiss takes place between May Irwin and John Rice in The Kiss. The first female film director, Alice Guy-Blaché, presents The Cabbage Fairy. Cinema reaches India by way of The Lumière brothers ' Cinematography, unveiling six silent short films at the Watson Hotel in Bombay, namely Entry of Cinematographe, La Mer (Baignade en mer), L'Arrivée d'un Train en Gare de la Ciotat, A Demolition, Ladies & Soldiers on Wheels and Sortie de l'usine Lumière à Lyon. The tour of the Lumière brothers covers also London and New York. 1897 - Vitagraph is founded in New York. In England, the Prestwich Camera is patented. Harischandra Sakharam Bhatvadekar, alias Save Dada, imports a cine-camera from London at a price of 21 guineas and films the first Indian documentary film, a wrestling match in Hanging Gardens, Bombay. Daily screenings of films commence in Bombay by Clifton and Co.'s Meadows Street Photography Studio. 125 people die during a film screening at the Charity Bazaar in Paris after a curtain catches on fire from the ether used to fuel the projector lamp. 1898 - Méliès starts producing under the brand Star Film and directs brief commercials. Hiralal Sen starts filming scenes of theatre productions at the Classic Theatre in Calcutta. 1899 - The first long footage (over 100 meters), films with montage are made: The Dreyfus Affair and the first film version of Cinderella are both released by Méliès; the latter it is the first film to use a photographic dissolve (or fades). Georges Méliès also writes and directs Jeanne d'Arc, a film about Joan of Arc, which removes the viewer from spatial relations and institutionalized the use of the close-up. 1900s See also: 1900s in film 1900 - Sherlock Holmes Baffled, The Enchanted Drawing 1901 - Star Theatre, Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost 1902 - A Trip to the Moon 1903 - The Great Train Robbery 1904 - The Impossible Voyage 1905 - Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom 1906 - The Story of the Kelly Gang 1907 - Ben Hur 1908 - Fantasmagorie, The Taming of the Shrew, The Thieving Hand 1909 - The Country Doctor, A Corner in Wheat, Princess Nicotine; or, The Smoke Fairy; 35 mm film is accepted as international standard gauge 1910s See also: 1910s in film 1910 - In Old California 1911 - L'Inferno, Defence of Sevastopol 1912 - Independenţa României 1913 - Fantômas, Raja Harishchandra 1914 - The Perils of Pauline, Judith of Bethulia, Tillie's Punctured Romance 1915 - Birth of a Nation, Les Vampires 1916 - Intolerance, The Queen of Spades, Gertie the Dinosaur, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea; invention of Technicolor 1917 - Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, A Man There Was, The Little Princess 1918 - Stella Maris, Mickey, Shifting Sands, "A Dog's Life" 1919 - Broken Blossoms, True Heart Susie, Male and Female, Dalagang Bukid, A Day's Pleasure 1920s See also: 1920s in film 1920 - Way Down East, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari 1921 - The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Phantom Carriage, The Kid, Destiny, The Sheik 1922 - Nosferatu, Nanook of the North, Blood and Sand, Foolish Wives, Dr. Mabuse the Gambler 1923 - Our Hospitality, A Woman of Paris, The Covered Wagon; 16 mm film introduced 1924 - Greed, Sherlock Jr., The Sea Hawk, The Last Laugh 1925 - The Battleship Potemkin, The Big Parade, Strike, The Gold Rush, Seven Chances 1926 - The General, Faust, Aloma of the South Seas, For Heaven's Sake 1927 - Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans, Napoléon, The Jazz Singer, Metropolis, October: Ten Days That Shook the World 1928 - The Passion of Joan of Arc, Steamboat Willie, Lights of New York, The Viking, The Crowd 1929 - Man with a Movie Camera, Un Chien Andalou, Pandora's Box, The Broadway Melody; 1st Academy Awards 1930s See also: 1930s in film 1930 - L'Age d'Or, Earth, The Blue Angel, All Quiet on the Western Front, The Blood of a Poet 1931 - City Lights, M, Frankenstein, Dracula, Tabu, Le Million 1932 - Trouble in Paradise, Freaks, Vampyr, Love Me Tonight, Scarface; 8 mm film released 1933 - Duck Soup, King Kong, Zero for Conduct, 42nd Street, Outskirts 1934 - L'Atalante, It Happened One Night, The Scarlet Empress, Man of Aran, It's a Gift 1935 - Bride of Frankenstein, A Night at the Opera, Top Hat, The 39 Steps, Triumph of the Will 1936 - Modern Times, Partie de campagne, The Crime of Monsieur Lange, Pépé le Moko, The Story of a Cheat 1937 - Grand Illusion, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Make Way for Tomorrow, The Awful Truth, Angel 1938 - Bringing Up Baby, Alexander Nevsky, The Lady Vanishes, Olympia, Boys Town 1939 - Gone with the Wind, The Wizard of Oz, Stagecoach, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Ninotchka 1940s See also: 1940s in film 1940 - His Girl Friday, The Grapes of Wrath, The Philadelphia Story, The Great Dictator, Pinocchio, Fantasia 1941 - Citizen Kane, The Lady Eve, Sullivan's Travels, The Maltese Falcon, How Green Was My Valley, Sergeant York, Dumbo 1942 - Casablanca, The Magnificent Ambersons, To Be or Not to Be, The Palm Beach Story, Cat People, Bambi 1943 - The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, Day of Wrath, Meshes of the Afternoon, Shadow of a Doubt, I Walked with a Zombie 1944 - Double Indemnity, Ivan the Terrible, Part One, Meet Me in St. Louis, To Have And To Have Not, Laura 1945 - Mom and Dad, Children of Paradise, Rome, Open City, Brief Encounter, I Know Where I'm Going!, Les Dames du Bois de Boulogne 1946 - It's a Wonderful Life, Notorious, My Darling Clementine, Paisà, A Matter of Life and Death; First Cannes Film Festival 1947 - Miracle on 34th Street, Gentleman's Agreement, Out of the Past, Monsieur Verdoux, Germany, Year Zero 1948 - Bicycle Thieves, Letter from an Unknown Woman, The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, The Red Shoes, Red River; 1st British Academy Film Awards 1949 - The Third Man, All the King's Men, A Letter to Three Wives, Late Spring, Kind Hearts and Coronets 1950s See also: 1950s in film 1950 - Rashomon, Sunset Boulevard, All About Eve, Los Olvidados, Annie Get Your Gun, In a Lonely Place, Harvey, Cinderella 1951 - Alice in Wonderland, The River, Miracle in Milan, Strangers on a Train, Quo Vadis; 1st Berlin International Film Festival, first publication of Cahiers du cinéma 1952 - Singin' in the Rain, The Greatest Show on Earth, High Noon, This Is Cinerama, Umberto D., The Quiet Man, The Wages of Fear 1953 - Peter Pan, From Here to Eternity, Tokyo Story, Ugetsu, The Earrings of Madame de..., Voyage in Italy, The Band Wagon; first use of CinemaScope 1954 - The Seven Samurai, Rear Window, Dial M for Murder, La Strada, White Christmas, Sansho the Bailiff, On the Waterfront 1955 - Rebel Without a Cause, To Catch a Thief, The Night of the Hunter, Ordet, Pather Panchali, Floating Clouds, Lady and the Tramp 1956 - The Ten Commandments, Carousel, The King and I, Giant, High Society, The Searchers, Written on the Wind, Invasion of the Body Snatchers 1957 - 12 Angry Men, The Seventh Seal, Wild Strawberries, The Bridge on the River Kwai, Sweet Smell of Success, Paths of Glory 1958 - Vertigo, Gigi, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, South Pacific, Touch of Evil, Ashes and Diamonds, Jalsaghar, Mon Oncle 1959 - Some Like It Hot, Ben-Hur, The 400 Blows, North by Northwest, Anatomy of a Murder, Sleeping Beauty, Rio Bravo, Pickpocket 1960s See also: 1960s in film 1960 - Psycho, Exodus, Spartacus, The Apartment, The Alamo, La Dolce Vita, Rocco and His Brothers 1961 - West Side Story, Judgment at Nuremberg, Divorce, Italian Style, Yojimbo, Breakfast at Tiffany's 1962 - Lawrence of Arabia, To Kill a Mockingbird, The Manchurian Candidate, Ivan's Childhood, Lolita 1963 - The Birds, Hud, Not on Your Life, The Haunting, The Great Escape, Lilies of the Field, 8½, Cleopatra 1964 - Woman in the Dunes, A Hard Day's Night, A Fistful of Dollars, My Fair Lady, Dr. Strangelove, Mary Poppins 1965 - The Sound of Music, Doctor Zhivago, For a Few Dollars More, Thunderball, The Great Race 1966 - Persona, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, The Sand Pebbles, A Man for All Seasons, The Battle of Algiers 1967 - Bonnie and Clyde, The Graduate, Cool Hand Luke, In the Heat of the Night, Dont Look Back 1968 - 2001: A Space Odyssey, Once Upon a Time in the West, Rosemary's Baby, Night of the Living Dead, Planet of the Apes 1969 - Midnight Cowboy, True Grit, Easy Rider, Z, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, The Wild Bunch 1970s See also: 1970s in film 1970 - Performance, Love Story, Five Easy Pieces, Patton, M*A*S*H, The Conformist; first IMAX films 1971 - The French Connection, A Clockwork Orange, Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, Dirty Harry, The Last Picture Show, Fiddler on the Roof 1972 - The Godfather, Aguirre, the Wrath of God, The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie, Solaris, Cries and Whispers, Deep Throat 1973 - The Exorcist, Don't Look Now, Badlands, Papillon, Amarcord, The Sting, Enter the Dragon, Last Tango in Paris 1974 - A Woman Under the Influence, The Godfather Part II, Chinatown, The Conversation, Celine and Julie Go Boating 1975 - Jaws, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Barry Lyndon, Dog Day Afternoon, Nashville, The Rocky Horror Picture Show; Videocassette recorders appear on mass market 1976 - Taxi Driver, Rocky, Network, Carrie, All the President's Men, In the Realm of the Senses, 1900, Logan's Run 1977 - Annie Hall, Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, Killer of Sheep, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Providence 1978 - Halloween, Dawn of the Dead, Grease, The Tree of Wooden Clogs, Days of Heaven, The Deer Hunter 1979 - Apocalypse Now, Mad Max, Monty Python's Life of Brian, Alien, Kramer vs. Kramer, Norma Rae, Manhattan, Stalker 1980s See also: 1980s in film 1980 - Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back, Raging Bull, The Shining, Kagemusha, Airplane, Caddyshack 1981 - Raiders of the Lost Ark, On Golden Pond, Chariots of Fire, Pennies from Heaven, Das Boot, Reds, Blow Out 1982 - Blade Runner, Poltergeist, Fitzcarraldo, Fanny and Alexander, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Tootsie, Gandhi 1983 - Sans Soleil, L'Argent, The King of Comedy, The Right Stuff, Risky Business, Nostalghia, Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi 1984 - This is Spinal Tap, Amadeus, The Karate Kid, The Terminator, Once Upon a Time in America, Ghostbusters, Paris, Texas 1985 - Back to the Future, Come and See, The Time to Live and the Time to Die, Ran, Brazil, Shoah, Out of Africa, The Color Purple 1986 - Blue Velvet, Aliens, The Sacrifice, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Stand by Me, Hannah and Her Sisters, Platoon, Top Gun 1987 - Fatal Attraction, Wings of Desire, The Dead, Dirty Dancing, The Princess Bride, Evil Dead II, Full Metal Jacket 1988 - The Decalogue, My Neighbour Totoro, Midnight Run, Dead Ringers, Cinema Paradiso, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Die Hard 1989 - Do the Right Thing, Close-Up, The Little Mermaid, Crimes and Misdemeanors, A City of Sadness, Time of the Gypsies, Batman; first publication of Empire 1990s See also: 1990s in film 1990 - Goodfellas, Ghost, An Angel at My Table, Edward Scissorhands, The Godfather Part III, Miller's Crossing, Dances with Wolves 1991 - The Silence of the Lambs, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, JFK, A Brighter Summer Day, Thelma & Louise, Beauty and the Beast 1992 - Unforgiven, Aladdin, Reservoir Dogs, The Player, Basic Instinct, The Crying Game, A Few Good Men, Indochine 1993 - Schindler's List, The Piano, In the Name of the Father, Groundhog Day, Jurassic Park, Philadelphia, Three Colors: Blue 1994 - Forrest Gump, Sátántangó, Pulp Fiction, The Shawshank Redemption, The Lion King, Legends of the Fall, Three Colors: Red, Clerks 1995 - Braveheart, Se7en, Toy Story, Heat, A Moment of Innocence, The Usual Suspects, Underground; first DVDs released 1996 - Fargo, Breaking the Waves, Trainspotting, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Independence Day, Jerry Maguire, The English Patient, Flirting with Disaster 1997 - Titanic, Boogie Nights, Taste of Cherry, Hana-bi, L.A. Confidential, Good Will Hunting, Life is Beautiful, Jackie Brown 1998 - The Big Lebowski, Beau travail, Histoire(s) du cinéma, The Thin Red Line, Rushmore, The Truman Show, Saving Private Ryan, Mulan 1999 - Tarzan, The Matrix, The Sixth Sense, Fight Club, Magnolia, The Blair Witch Project, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, The Green Mile 2000s See also: 2000s in film 2000 - In the Mood for Love, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Platform, Memento, Erin Brockovich, Cast Away, Gladiator; first digital cinema projection in Europe by Philippe Binant 2001 - Mulholland Drive, The Royal Tenenbaums, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, A Beautiful Mind, Spirited Away, Shrek, Donnie Darko, Harry Potter film series (2001-11) begins 2002 - City of God, Talk to Her, Minority Report, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, Spider-Man, The Pianist, Ice Age 2003 - Oldboy, Kill Bill: Vol 1, Elephant, Monster, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Finding Nemo 2004 - Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, The Passion of the Christ, Million Dollar Baby, Tropical Malady, Hotel Rwanda, Downfall 2005 - Caché, The New World, Brokeback Mountain, The Death of Mr. Lazarescu, A History of Violence, Pride & Prejudice, Walk the Line 2006 - Children of Men, Pan's Labyrinth, The Departed, Dreamgirls, The Lives of Others, The Prestige, The Queen 2007 - 300, I Am Legend, There Will Be Blood, Into the Wild, No Country for Old Men, Transformers, Atonement 2008 - The Dark Knight, Iron Man, WALL-E, Gran Torino, Slumdog Millionaire, The Wrestler, Milk, Vicky Christina Barcelona 2009 - Inglourious Basterds, Up, The Secret in Their Eyes, Mary and Max, District 9, Avatar, The Princess and the Frog, Star Trek 2010s See also: 2010s in film 2010 - Black Swan, Inception, The King's Speech, Tangled, The Social Network, Winter's Bone, How to Train Your Dragon, 127 Hours 2011 - The Artist, Drive, The Intouchables, Hugo, A Separation, The Tree of Life, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, Midnight in Paris 2012 - Prometheus, The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, The Avengers, Argo, Lincoln, Django Unchained, Life of Pi, Les Misérables 2013 - World War Z, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, 12 Years a Slave, Gravity, Bhaag Milkha Bhaag, Rush, Frozen, American Hustle 2014 - The Hobbit: There and Back Again, The Lego Movie, Guardians of the Galaxy 2015 - The Good Dinosaur, Mad Max: Fury Road, Minions |
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