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Main articles: Famine and List of famines Note: Some of these famines were partially caused by nature. This section includes famines that were caused or exacerbated by the policies or actions of the ruling regime. This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. Lowest estimate Highest estimate Event Location From To Notes 15,000,000 20,000,000[111] 55,000,000[112] Great Chinese Famine People's Republic of China 1958 1962 During the Great Leap Forward under Mao Zedong tens of millions of Chinese starved to death[113] and about the same number of births were lost or postponed.[114] State violence during this period further exacerbated the death toll, and some 2.5 million people were beaten or tortured to death in connection with Great Leap policies.[115] 6,000,000 8,000,000[51] Soviet famine of 1932–1933, including Holodomor Soviet Union 1932 1939 As of March 2008, Ukraine and nineteen other governments[52] have recognized the actions of the Soviet government that led to mass famine as an act of genocide. The joint statement at the United Nations in 2003 has defined the famine as the result of cruel actions and policies of the totalitarian regime that caused the deaths of millions of Ukrainians, Russians, Kazakhs and other nationalities in the USSR. On 23 October 2008 the European Parliament adopted a resolution[53] that recognized the Holodomor as a crime against humanity.[54] On January 12, 2010, the court of appeals in Kiev opened hearings into the "fact of genocide-famine Holodomor in Ukraine in 1932–33", in May 2009 the Security Service of Ukraine had started a criminal case "in relation to the genocide in Ukraine in 1932–33".[55] In a ruling on January 13, 2010 the court found Stalin and other Bolshevik leaders guilty of genocide against the Ukrainians.[56] 5,000,000[116] 10,000,000[116] Russian famine of 1921 Soviet Russia 1921 1922 See also: Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union and Russian Civil War with its policy of War communism, especially prodrazvyorstka 4,000,000 4,000,000 Bengal famine of 1943 British India 1943 1943 The Japanese conquest of Burma cut off India's main supply of rice imports[117] However, administrative policies in British India ultimately helped cause the massive death toll.[118] 2,400,000[119] 2,400,000 Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies Indonesia 1944 1945 An estimated 2.4 million Indonesians starved to death during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. The problem was partly caused by failures of the main 1944-45 rice crop, but mainly by the compulsory rice purchasing system that the Japanese authorities put in place to secure rice for distribution to the armed forces and urban population.[119] 1,000,000[120] 1,000,000 Siege of Leningrad Soviet Union in World War II 1941 1944 An estimated 4 million Soviet people starved to death under Nazi occupation. There were an additional estimated 3 million famine deaths in areas of the USSR not under German occupation.[121] 800,000[122] 950,000[123] Cambodian Genocide Cambodia 1975 1979 An estimated 2 million Cambodians lost their lives to murder, forced labor and famine from the Cambodian Communist government, of which nearly half was caused by forced starvation. Came to an end due to invasion by Vietnam in 1979. 750,000[124][125] 1,500,000[126] Great Irish Famine[127] United Kingdom 1846 1849 Although blight ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s, the impact and human cost in Ireland—where a third of the population was significantly dependent on the Irish Lumper potato for food—was exacerbated by a host of political, social and economic factors which remain the subject of historical debate.[128][129] 400,000[130] 2,000,000[131] Vietnamese Famine of 1945 Vietnam 1944 1945 The Japanese occupation during World War II caused the famine in North Vietnam.[131] 400,000[132] 1,000,000[133] 1983–85 famine in Ethiopia Ethiopia 1983 1985 The famines that struck Ethiopia between 1961 and 1985, and in particular the one of 1983–5, were in large part created by government policies.[132] 70,000[134] 70,000 Sudan famine Sudan 1998 1998 The famine was caused almost entirely by human rights abuse and the war in Southern Sudan.[135] |
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