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1914 Dates Events June 28 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, who is killed in Sarajevo along with his wife, Duchess Sophie.[1] Details July 5 Austria-Hungary seeks German support for a war against Serbia in case of Russian militarism. Germany gives assurances of support.[2] July 23 Austria-Hungary sends an ultimatum to Serbia. The Serbian response is seen as unsatisfactory.[3] Details July 28 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Russia mobilizes.[4] July 31 Germany warns Russia to stop mobilizing. Russia says mobilization is against Austria-Hungary only. August 1 Germany declares war on Russia.[5] Italy declares its neutrality. Germany and the Ottoman Empire sign a secret alliance treaty.[6] Details August 2 Germany invades Luxembourg. Details Skirmish at Joncherey, first military action on the Western Front. August 3 Germany declares war on France, Belgium does not allow German arms through to the French border.[7] August 4 Germany invades Belgium and Luxembourg[8] to outflank the French army. Details Britain protests the violation of Belgian neutrality, guaranteed by a treaty; German Chancellor replies that the treaty is just a chiffon de papier (a scrap of paper). The United Kingdom declares war on Germany.[9] Details August 4–August 16 The Germans besiege and then capture the fortresses of Liège, Belgium. Details August 5 Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary.[10] The Ottoman Empire closes the Dardanelles. August 6 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. Serbia declares war on Germany. August 7 The British Expeditionary Force arrives in France.[11] Details August 7–September 13 Battle of the Frontiers. The Germans obtain a victory against the British Expeditionary Force and France's Fifth Army. August 7-August 10 Battle of Mulhouse, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. August 9 Montenegro declares war on Germany. The Togoland Campaign begins. August 11 France declares war on Austria-Hungary. August 12 The United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary. Battle of Haelen, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. August 14-August 25 Battle of Lorraine, a phase of the battle of the Frontiers. August 16–August 19 The Serbs defeat the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer.[12] Details August 17 The Russian army enters East Prussia. Battle of Stalluponen. Details August 20 The Germans attack the Russians in East Prussia, the Battle of Gumbinnen. The attack is a failure in addition to being a deviation from the Schlieffen Plan.[13] Details The Germans occupy Brussels. Battle of Morhange, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine. Battle of Sarrebourg, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine. August 21 Battle of Charleroi, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. August 21-August 23 Battle of the Ardennes, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. August 22 Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium. August 23 Japan declares war on Germany. Details Battle of Mons, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. August 23–August 30 Battle of Tannenberg: the Russian army undergoes a heavy defeat by the Germans.[14] Details August 23–September 11 Battle of Lemberg. The Russians capture Lviv. Details August 23–August 25 Battle of Kraśnik, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg. The Austro-Hungarian First Army defeats the Russian Fourth Army.[15] Details August 24 Action of Elouges. Battle of the Mortagne, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine. August 24–September 7 The Germans besiege and capture the Maubeuge Fortress. Details August 25 Japan declares war on Austria-Hungary. August 26 British and French forces conquer Togoland, a German protectorate in West Africa.[16] Details Battle of Le Grand Fayt. August 26–August 27 Battle of Le Cateau. Allied retreat. Details August 26-August 30 Battle of Gnila Lipa, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg. August 26-September 2 Battle of Komarow, part of the Battle of Lemberg. Details August 27 Battle of Étreux. August 27–November 7 Battle of Tsingtao: British and Japanese forces capture the German-controlled port of Tsingtao in China. Details August 28 The Royal Navy wins the First Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea. Details August 29–August 30 Battle of Saint Quentin, aka Battle of Guise. Orderly Allied retreat. Details August 30 New Zealand occupies German Samoa (later Western Samoa). Details September 1 Battle of Nery. Details. September 2–September 11 Austro-Hungarian defeat at the Battle of Rava Russka, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg. Details September 4-September 13 Battle of Grand Couronne, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. September 5–September 12 First Battle of the Marne. The German advance on Paris is halted, marking the failure of the Schlieffen Plan.[17] Details Battle of the Ourcq, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne. Battle of the Two Morins. September 6-September 12 Battle of the Marshes of Saint-Gond, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne. Battle of Vitry, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne. Battle of Revigny, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne. September 6-October 4 Battle of Drina. September 7–September 14 First Battle of the Masurian Lakes: The Russian Army of the Neman withdraws from East Prussia with heavy casualties. Details September 9 Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg lays out Germany's war aims. Details September 11 Australian forces occupy German New Guinea.[18] Details September 13 Troops from South Africa begin invading German South-West Africa. Details September 13–September 28 The First Battle of the Aisne ends in a substantial draw. The Race to the Sea begins. Details September 14 Erich von Falkenhayn replaces Helmuth von Moltke the Younger as German Chief of Staff. Details September 19-October 11 Battle of Flirey September 20 Battle of Zanzibar, German naval victory. September 22-September 26 First Battle of Picardy. September 24 The Siege of Przemyśl begins Details September 25-September 29 First Battle of Albert. Details September 28–October 10 The Germans besiege and capture Antwerp, Belgium. Details September 29–October 31 Battle of the Vistula River, aka Battle of Warsaw. Details October-July 11, 1915 Battle of Rufiji Delta, German cruiser Königsberg destroyed. October 1-October 4 First Battle of Arras. Details October 9-November 1 Central powers control Belgrade. Details October 10-November 2 Battle of La Bassee. October 12-November 2 First Battle of Messines. Details October 13-November 2 Battle of Armentieres. October 16–October 31 Battle of the Yser. French and Belgian forces secure the coastline of Belgium.[19] Details October 19–November 22 The First Battle of Ypres ends the Race to the Sea. The Germans are prevented from reaching Calais and Dunkirk. Details November 1 Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire. Battle of Coronel. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron defeats a Royal Navy squadron under Christopher Cradock.[20] Details November 2 The United Kingdom begins the naval blockade of Germany. Details November 2-November 16 Bergmann Offensive, first military engagement in the Caucuses of the First World War. November 3 Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire. Battle of Kilimanjaro. November 3–November 5 Von Lettow-Vorbeck's German colonial forces defeat the British at the Battle of Tanga, German East Africa. Details November 5 France and the United Kingdom declare war on the Ottoman Empire. November 6 Fao Landing, British and Indians besiege the fortress at Fao. November 9 Battle of Cocos, northeast Indian Ocean. The Australian cruiser Sydney destroys the German cruiser Emden.[21] Details November 11 Sultan Mehmed V declares Jihad on the Allies.[22] Details November 11-November 21 Battle of Basra. Details November 11–December 6 Battle of Łódź (aka Silesian Offensive). Details November 16-December 15 Battle of Kolubara, Austro-Hungarians leave Serbia. December–January, 1915 First Battle of Artois. December 1-December 13 Battle of Limanowa. December 3-December 9 Battle of Qurna. December 8 Battle of the Falklands. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron is defeated by the Royal Navy.[23] Details December 10 Hill 60 captured by the Germans. Details December 16 The German fleet shells Scarborough and Hartlepool, England.[24] Details December 18-December 22 Battle of Givenchy. December 20 Fighting begins at Perthes. Details December 20–17 March 1915 First Battle of Champagne. December 22 Fighting begins at Noyon. Details December 24-December 25 In some sectors of the Western Front, an unofficial Christmas truce is observed between German and British forces.[25] Details December 25-January 18, 1915 Battle of Ardahan. December 29–January 2, 1915 The Russians win the Battle of Sarikamis, Caucasia.[26] Details 1915 Dates Events January 2 The Russian offensive in the Carpathians begins. It will continue until April 12. January 18-19 Battle of Jassin. January 19 First Zeppelin raid on Great Britain. Details January 19-December 22 Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf, series of battles fought to control the peak. January 24 Battle of Dogger Bank between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the German Hochseeflotte. Details January 28–February 3 The Ottomans fail to capture the Suez Canal. Details January 31 Battle of Bolimov. First German use of chemical weapons.[27] Details February 4 Germany begins submarine warfare against merchant vessels. Details February 7–February 22 Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes. The Russian X Army is defeated. Details February 19 British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles. The Gallipoli Campaign begins.[28] Details March 10–March 13 Battle of Neuve Chapelle. After an initial success, a British offensive is halted. Details March 22 The Siege of Przemyśl ends. The Russians capture the fortress. Details April 12-April 14 Battle of Shaiba. April 19-May 17 The Ottomans besiege the Armenian city of Van. Details April 5-May 5 First Battle of Woevre. April 22–May 25 The Second Battle of Ypres, which ends in a stalemate. Germany first uses the poison gas. Details April 25 Allied forces land on Gallipoli, landing at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles.[29] Details London Pact between the Entente and Italy. Details April 28 First Battle of Krithia. The Allied advance is repelled.[30] Details May 1 The Gorlice-Tarnów begins: the German troops under General Mackensen break through the Russian lines in Galicia. Details Battle of Eski Hissarlik. May 3 Troops withdraw from Anzac Cove. Details May 6–May 8 Second Battle of Krithia. The Allied attempts at advancing are thwarted again.[31] Details May 7 The British liner Lusitania is sunk by a German U-boat.[32] Details May 9-June 18 Second Battle of Artois. May 9 Battle of Aubers Ridge, a phase of the Second Battle of Artois. May 10 Troops from Hungary rout the Russians at Jarosław. Lviv is again in Austrian hands. May 11 Armistice called at Gallipoli to bury the dead. Details May 12 Windhoek, capital of German South-West Africa, is occupied by South African troops.[33] Details May 15-May 25 Battle of Festubert. May 16-June 23 Battle of Konary. May 23 Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary. Details June 4 Third Battle of Krithia. Yet another Allied failure.[31] Details The Russians leave Przemyśl. Details June 10-June 26 Battle of Manzikert. Details June 21-June 23 Battle of Bukoba. June 22 Mackensen breaks again through the Russian lines in the Lviv area. Details June 23–July 7 First Battle of the Isonzo. Details June 27 The Austro-Hungarians re-enter Lviv. Details June 28–July 5 The British win the Battle of Gully Ravine. Details July 9 The German forces in South-West Africa surrender. Details July Battle of Kara Killisse. Details July 18–August 3 Second Battle of the Isonzo. Details July 25 Italians capture Cappuccio Wood. Details August 5 The Germans occupy Warsaw. Details August 6-August 10 Battle of Lone Pine, part of the August Offensive. August 6-August 13 Battle of Krithia Vineyard, part of the August Offensive. August 6-August 15 Allies land at Suvla Bay, a phase of the August Offensive. Details. August 6–August 21 Battle of Sari Bair, part of the August Offensive. Last and unsuccessful attempt by the British to seize the Gallipoli peninsula.[34] Details August 7 Battle of the Nek, a phase of the August Offensive. August 7-August 19 Battle of Chunuk Bair, a phase of the August Offensive. August 17 The Great Retreat begins. August 21 Scimitar Hill, a phase of the August Offensive. August 21-August 29 Battle of Hill 60, part of the August Offensive. Details August 26-September 19 Sventiany Offensive, a phase of the Gorlice-Tarnow Offensive. September 1 Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare. Details September 8 Nicholas II removes Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolayevich as Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, personally taking that position. Details September 15-November 4 Third Battle of Artois. September 19 The Germans occupy Vilnius. The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive ends. Details September 25–September 28 Battle of Loos, a major British offensive, fails. Details September 25-October 15 Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, a phase of the Battle of Loos. September 25-November 6 Second Battle of Champagne. September 28 Battle of Es Sinn. October 7-December 4 Serbia is invaded by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria. Details October 14 Bulgaria declares war on Serbia Details October 14-November 9 Morava Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers Invasion of Serbia, Bulgarians break through Serbian lines. October 14-November 15 Ovche Pole Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers invasion of Serbia, Bulgarians break through Serbian lines. October 15 The United Kingdom declares war on Bulgaria. October 16 France declares war on Bulgaria. October 17-November 21 Battle of Krivolak, start of the set up of the Salonika Front. October 18–November 4 Third Battle of the Isonzo Details October 19 Italy and Russia declare war on Bulgaria. October 27 A French army lands in Salonika and, with the help of British and Italian troops, sets up a Balkan Front. November 10–December 2 Fourth Battle of the Isonzo November 10-December 4 Kosovo Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers invasion of Serbia, Serbians pushed into Albania. Details November 22–November 25 Battle of Ctesiphon, in present-day Iraq.[35] Details November 27 The Serbian army collapses. It will retreat to the Adriatic Sea and be evacuated by the Italian and French Navies. Details December 7 The First Siege of Kut, Mesopotamia, by the Ottomans begins.[36] Details December 19 Douglas Haig replaces John French as commander of the British Expeditionary Force. Details 1916 Dates Events January 6-January 7 Battle of Mojkovac January 6-January 8 Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad, a phase of the First Siege of Kut. January 8–January 16 Austro-Hungarian offensive against Montenegro, which capitulates. January 9 The Gallipoli Campaign ends in an Allied defeat and an Ottoman victory.[37] Details January 10–February 16 Battle of Erzurum. January 11 Corfu occupied by the Allies. Details January 13 Battle of Wadi, a phase of the First Siege of Kut. Details January 21 Battle of Hanna, a phase of the First Siege of Kut. January 24 Reinhard Scheer is appointed commander of Germany's Hochseeflotte.[38] Details January 27 Conscription introduced in the United Kingdom by the Military Service Act.[39] Details February 5-April 15 Trebizond Campaign. February 21 The Battle of Verdun begins.[40] February 28 German Kamerun (Cameroon) surrenders. Details March 1 Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. Details March 1–March 15 Fifth Battle of the Isonzo. March 2-August 4 Battle of Bitlis. March 8 Battle of Dujaila: a British attempt to relieve Kut failed. Details March 9 Germany declares war on Portugal. Portugal officially enters the war. Details March 18–April Lake Naroch Offensive. April 23 Easter Rising by Irish rebels against the United Kingdom. Details April 27-April 29 Gas attack at Hulluch. April 29 The British forces under siege at Kut surrender to the Ottomans, first siege of Kut ends. Details May 10 Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare. Details May 15–June 10 Austro-Hungarian Strafexpedition in Trentino. Details May 31–June 1 Battle of Jutland between Britain's Grand Fleet and Germany's Hochseeflotte. Details June 2-June 14 Battle of Mont Sorrel. June 4 The Brusilov Offensive begins. June 5 The Arab Revolt in Hejaz begins. Details The HMS Hampshire is sunk off the Orkney Islands; Lord Kitchener dies. Details June 10 Italy: Paolo Boselli succeeds Antonio Salandra as Prime Minister. Details The Siege of Medina begins. June 10-July 4 Battle of Mecca, Arabs capture the city. Details June 30 Battle of the Boar's Head, diversion from the Battle of the Somme which began the next day. July Battle of Taif. Details July 1 The Battle of the Somme begins. Details July 1-July 13 Second Battle of Albert (Opening phase of the Battle of the Somme). Details July 1-July 2 British capture Fricourt during the Second Battle of Albert. Details July 2-July 25 Battle of Erzincan. July 3-July 7 British and French capture La Boisselle during the Second Battle of Albert. Details July 3-July 12 British and French capture Mametz Wood during the Second Battle of Albert. Details July 3-July 17 British capture Ovillers during the Second Battle of Albert and Battle of Bazentin Ridge. Details July 4-July 6 Battle of Kostiuchnowka. July 7-July 11 Allies capture Contalmaison during the Second Battle of Albert. Details July 8-July 14 British capture Trônes Wood during the Second Battle of Albert. Details July 14-July 17 Battle of Bazentin Ridge (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details July 14-September 15 Battles for Longueval and Delville Wood (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details July 19-July 20 Battle of Fromelles (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme). July 23–August 7 Battle of Pozières (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details July 24-August 8 Battle of Kowel. August 3–August 5 Battle of Romani. Ottoman attack on the British in the Sinai peninsula fails. Details August 3–August 17 Sixth Battle of the Isonzo. The Italians capture Gorizia (August 9). Details August 9-August 18 First battle of Doiran. Details August 24 Battle of Mlali. August 26 Battle of Doberdo, part of the Sixth Battle of Isonzo. August 27 Italy declares war on Germany. Romania enters the war on the Entente's side. Her army is defeated in a few weeks. August 27-December Conquest of Romania by Central Powers. Details August 27-November 26 Battle of Transylvania, a phase of the conquest of Romania. August 29 Paul von Hindenburg replaces Erich von Falkenhayn as German Chief of Staff. Details September 2-September 6 Battle of Turtucaia, a phase of the conquest of Romania. September 3-September 6 Battle of Guillemont (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details September 5-September 7 Battle of Dobrich, a phase of the conquest of Romania. September 6 The Central Powers create a unified command. September 9 Battle of Ginchy (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details September 12–December 11 Monastir Offensive, set up of the Salonika Front. September 12-September 14 Battle of Malka Nidzhe, a phase of the Monastir Offensive. September 12-September 30 Battle of Kaymakchalan, a phase of the Monastir Offensive. September 14–September 17 Seventh Battle of the Isonzo September 15-September 22 Battle of Flers-Courcelette (last offensive of the Battle of the Somme). The British use armored tanks for the first time in history. Details September 17-September 19 First Battle of Cobadin, a phase of the conquest of Romania. September 20 The Brusilov Offensive ends with a substantial Russian success. Details September 25-September 28 Battle of Morval (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) Details September 26–September 28 Battle of Thiepval Ridge (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) Details September 29-October 5 Flamanda Offensive, a phase of the conquest of Romania. October–November First Battle of the Cerna Bend, a phase of the Monastir Offensive. Details October 1–November 5 Battle of Le Transloy (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) Details October 1-November 11 Battle of Ancre Heights (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme). October 9–October 12 Eighth Battle of the Isonzo. October 19-October 25 Second Battle of Cobadin, a phase of the conquest of Romania. October 24 The French recapture Fort Douaumont near Verdun. Details November 1–November 4 Ninth Battle of the Isonzo. November 13–November 18 Battle of the Ancre (closing phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details November 18 The Battle of the Somme ends with enormous casualties and no winner. Details November 21 HMHS Britannic sinks after hitting a German mine Details Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, dies and is succeeded by Charles I. Details November 25 David Beatty replaces John Jellicoe as commander of the Grand Fleet. Jellicoe becomes First Lord of the Sea. Details November 25-December 3 Battle of Bucharest, a phase of the conquest of Romania. November 28 Prunaru Charge, a phase of the Battle of Bucharest, Romanian cavalry desperately charge into enemy lines. December 1 Battle of the Arges, a phase of the Battle of Bucharest. December 1-January 18, 1917 Allies capture Yanbu. Details December 5–December 7 United Kingdom: Prime Minister Henry Asquith resigns and is succeeded by David Lloyd George. Details December 6 The Germans occupy Bucharest. The capital of Romania moved to Iaşi. Details December 13 Robert Nivelle replaces Joseph Joffre as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army. Details December 23 Battle of Magdhaba in the Sinai peninsula.[41] Details December 23-December 29 Christmas Battles. December 27 Togoland is divided into British and French administrative zones. Details December 29 Grigori Rasputin, Russia's éminence grise, is assassinated. Details 1917 Dates Events January 9 Battle of Rafa. The British drive the Ottomans out of Sinai. Details January 11-March 13 British raid the Ancre. Details January 16 The German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann sends a telegram to his ambassador in Mexico, instructing him to propose to the Mexican government an alliance against the United States. Details February 1 Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. Details February 23 Second Battle of Kut. The British recapture the city. Details February 23–April 5 The Germans withdraw to the Hindenburg Line. Details March 1 Arz von Straussenberg replaces Conrad von Hötzendorf as Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff. Details March 8–March 11 The British capture Baghdad. Details March 13-April 23 Samarrah Offensive, British capture much of Mesopotamia. March 15 Russia: Czar Nicholas II abdicates. A provisional government is appointed. Details March 26 First Battle of Gaza. The British attempt to capture the city fails.[42] Details April–October Stalemate in Southern Palestine. April 2-April 3 Australians attack Noreuil. Details. April 6 The United States of America declares war on Germany.[43] April 9–May 17 Second Battle of Arras. The British attack a heavily fortified German line without obtaining any strategic breakthrough.[44] Details April 9–April 12 The Canadians obtain a significant victory in the Battle of Vimy Ridge, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras.[45] Details April 9-April 14 First Battle of the Scarpe, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details April 10-April 11 First Battle of Bullecourt,part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details April 15 Battle of Lagnicourt, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details April 16–May 9 The Second Battle of the Aisne (aka Nivelle Offensive) ends in disaster for both the French army and its commander Robert Nivelle.[46] Details April 17-April 20 Battle of the Hills (aka Third battle of Champagne), a diversion to the Second Battle of the Aisne. April 19 Second Battle of Gaza. The Ottoman lines resist a British attack. Details April 22-May 8 Second Battle of Doiran. Details April 23-April 24 Second Battle of Scarpe, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details April 28-April 29 Battle of Arleux, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details April 29–May 20 Series of mutinies in the French army.[47] Details May 3-May 4 Third battle of the Scarpe, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details May 3-May 17 Second Battle of Bullecourt, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details May 5–May 15 Allied Spring offensive on the Salonika Front. May 5-May 9 Second Battle of the Cerna Bend, a phase of the Allied Spring Offensive. Details May 12–June 6 Tenth Battle of the Isonzo. Details May 15 Philippe Pétain replaces Robert Nivelle as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army.[48] Details May 23 Battle of Mount Hermada in the Karst. June–October Operation Hush, British attempt to capture coast of Belgium fails. June 7–June 14 Second Battle of Messines, The British recapture Messines Ridge. Details June 10–June 29 Battle of Mount Ortigara. Details June 12 Greece: King Constantine I abdicates.[49] Details June 13 First successful heavy bomber raid on London done by the Gotha G.IV. June 25 First American troops land in France. Details June 30 Greece declares war on the Central powers. Details July 1–July 19 The Kerensky Offensive fails. It is the last Russian initiative in the war.[50] Details July 1-July 2 Battle of Zborov, a phase of the Kerensky Offensive. Details July 6 Arab rebels led by Lawrence of Arabia seize the Jordanian port of Aqaba.[51] Details July 20 Corfu Declaration about the future Kingdom of Yugoslavia.[52] Details July 22-August 1 Battle of Marasti July 31 The Third Battle of Ypres (aka Battle of Passchendaele) begins. Details July 31-August 2 Battle of Pilckem Ridge (Opening phase of the Third Battle of Ypres). August 6–August 20 Battle of Mărăşeşti. Details August 8-August 20 Second Battle of Oituz. August 15-August 25 Battle of Hill 70 (Initial phase of the Battle of Third Battle of Ypres). August 16-August 18 Second Battle of Langemarck (Initial phase of the Battle of Third Battle of Ypres). Details August 18–August 28 Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo. Details August 20-August 26 Second Offensive Battle of Verdun. September–October Operation Albion. German capture of Oesel, Dago and Moon Islands. September 1-September 3 Battle of Jugla. September 8 Russia: General Kornilov's coup attempt fails. Details September 20-September 26 Battle of the Menin Road Ridge (Intermediate phase of the Third Battle of Ypres). September 26-September 27 Battle of Polygon Wood (Intermediate phase of the Battle of the Third Battle of Ypres). September 28–September 29 Battle of Ramadi, Mesopotamia. Details October 4 Battle of Broodseinde (part of the final phases of the Battle of the Third Battle of Ypres). October 9 Battle of Poelcappelle (part of the final phases of the Battle of the Third Battle of Ypres). October 12 First Battle of Passchendaele (part of the final phases of the Third Battle of Ypres). October 23 Battle of Wadi Musa. October 23-November 10 Battle of La Malmaison, delayed French attack on the Chemin des Dames. Details October 24–November 4 Battle of Caporetto. The Austro-Hungarians and Germans break through the Italian lines. The Italian army is defeated and falls back on the Piave River. Details October 26-November 10 Second Battle of Passchendaele (Closing phase of the Third Battle of Ypres). October 27 Battle of Buqqar Ridge. October 30 Italy: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando succeeds Paolo Boselli as Prime Minister. Details October 31–November 7 Third Battle of Gaza. The British break through the Ottoman lines. Details October 31 Battle of Beersheba (opening phase of the Third Battle of Gaza). Details November 1-November 6 Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe. November 2 Balfour Declaration: the British government supports plans for a Jewish "national home" in Palestine. Details November 5 The Allies agree to establish a Supreme War Council at Versailles. November 7 The October Revolution begins in Russia. The Bolsheviks seize power. Details Charge at Sheria. November 8 Armando Diaz replaces Luigi Cadorna as Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Army. Details Charge at Huj. November 9–December 28 First Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarians and Germans try unsuccessfully to cross the river. Details November 10 The Third Battle of Ypres (aka Battle of Passchendaele) ends in a stalemate. Details November 11-December 23 First Battle of Monte Grappa, Austro-Hungarian offensive halted. November 13 France: Paul Painlevé is replaced by Georges Clemenceau as Prime Minister. Details Battle of Mughar Ridge. November 14 Battle of Ayun Kara. November 17 Second Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea. Details November 17–December 30 Battle of Jerusalem. The British enter the city (December 11). Details November 18-November 24 Battle of Nebi Samwil, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem. November 20–December 3 First Battle of Cambrai. A British attack fails and the battle results in a stalemate.[53] Details December 1 Battle of El Burj, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem. December 7 The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary. December 20- December 21 Battle of Jaffa, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem. Details December 23 Russia signs an armistice with Germany. 1918 Dates Events January 8 Woodrow Wilson outlines his Fourteen Points. Details February to September Allied forces occupy the Jordan Rift Valley. Details February 9 The Central Powers signed an exclusive protectorate treaty with the Ukrainian People's Republic as part of the negotiations that took place in Brest-Litovsk. Details February 15-February 16 Battle of Rarancza. February 18-March 3 Operation Faustschlag, last offensive on Eastern Front. February 19 British begin their assault on Jericho. Details February 21 The British capture Jericho. Details Germans capture Minsk. Details February 24 Germans capture Zhytomyr. Details February 25 German troops capture Estonia. Details February 28 Germans capture Pskov and Narva. Details March 2 Germans capture Kiev. Details March 3 At Brest-Litovsk, Leon Trotsky signs the peace treaty with Germany.[54] Details March 7 German artillery bombard the Americans at Rouge Bouquet. Details March 8-March 12 Battle of Tell 'Asur. March 8-March 13 Battle of Bakhmach. March 21–April 5 First phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Michael (aka Second Battle of the Somme). The Germans obtain a Pyrrhic victory. Details March 21-March 23 The Battle of St. Quentin, first phase of Operation Micheal and of the Spring Offensive. Details March 21-April 2 First Transjordan attack on Amman. March 23–August 7 Artillery bombardment of Paris. Details March 24-March 25 First Battle of Bapaume, a phase of Operation Michael. Details March 25 First Battle of Noyon, a phase of Operation Michael. Details March 26 French Marshall Ferdinand Foch is appointed Supreme Commander of all Allied forces. Details March 26-March 27 Battle of Rosieres, a phase of Operation Michael. Details Action of Khan Baghdadi. March 27-March 31 First Battle of Amman, a phase Of The First Transjordan Attack. March 28 Third Battle of Arras (aka First Battle of Arras (1918)), a phase of Operation Michael. Details March 30-April 5 First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, a phase of Operation Micheal. April 1 Royal Air Force founded by combining the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service. April 4-April 5 Battle of the Avre, final phase of Operation Michael. April 7-April 29 Second phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Georgette (aka Battle of the Lys). The results are disappointing for the Germans. Details April 7-April 9 Battle of Estaires, first phase of Operation Georgette. Details April 10-April 11 Third Battle of Messines, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details April 12-April 13 Battle of Hazebrouck, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details April 13-April 15 Battle of Bailleul, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details April 17-April 19 First Battle of Kemmelberg, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details April 18 Battle of Bethune, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details April 24-April 27 Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, a phase of Operation Georgette. April 25-April 26 Second Battle of Kemmelberg, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details April 29 Battle of Scherpenberg, final phase of Operation Georgette. Details April 30-May 4 Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt. May 7 Treaty of Bucharest between Romania and the Central Powers. It will never be ratified. Details May 10-May 11 Battle of Kaniow. May 21 Ottomans invade Armenia. Details May 21-May 29 Battle of Sardarabad, a phase of the invasion of Armenia. Battle of Abaran, a phase of the invasion of Armenia. May 24-May 28 Battle of Karakilisa, a phase of the invasion of Armenia. May 27–June 6 Third Battle of the Aisne (aka Operation Blücher-Yorck, third phase of the Spring Offensive). After initial gains, the German advance is halted. Details May 28 Battle of Cantigny. May 29-May 31 Battle of Skra-di-Legen June 1-June 26 Battle of Belleau Wood, part of the German Spring Offensive. June 8 Action of Arsuf. June 8-October Germany interferes in the Caucuses. Details June 9–June 12 Fourth phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Gneisenau (aka Battle of Matz). Despite substantial territorial gains, the Germans do not achieve their strategic goals Details June 13–June 23 Second Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarian offensive is repelled. Details June 30 Battle of Moreuil Wood. July 4 Battle of Hamel. July 14 Battle of Abu Tellul. July 15–August 6 Second Battle of the Marne and last German offensive on the Western Front, which fails when the Germans are counterattacked by the French. Details July 15-July 17 Champagne-Marne Offensive (consisting of the Fourth Battle of Champagne and the Battle of the Mountain of Reims), a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. last phase of the Spring Offensive and last German offensive of World War I. Details July 17 The Tsar and his family were shot early in the morning by the Bolsheviks. Details July 18 Battle of Chateau-Thierry, a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. Details July 18-July 22 Battle of Soissons,a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. Details July 19 Battle of Tardenois, a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. August 8-November 11 Hundred Days Offensive, last offensive on Western Front. August 8–August 12 Battle of Amiens, first phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details August 9-August 12 Battle of Montdidier. August 13-September 3 Battle of San Matteo. August 17-August 29 Second Battle of Noyon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details August 21-September 3 Second Battle of the Somme(aka Third battle of the Somme), a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details August 21-August 22 Third Battle of Albert, opening phase of the Second Battle of the Somme. Details August 21-September 3 Second Battle of Bapaume, a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme. August 26-September 3 Fourth Battle of Arras (aka Second Battle of Arras (1918)), a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme Details August 26-August 30 Fourth Battle of the Scarpe (aka Battle of the Scarpe (1918)), a phase of the Fourth Battle of Arras. Details August 26-September 14 Battle of Baku, last Turkish offensive of the war. August 31-September 3 Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin, a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme. September 1-September 2 Battle of Peronne, a phase of the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin. Details September 2-September 3 Battle of Drocourt-Queant Line, final phase of the Second Battle of the Somme. Details September 10 Battle of Savy-Dallon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details September 12 Battle of Havrincourt, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details September 12-September 19 Battle of Saint-Mihiel, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. September 14 Battle of Vauxaillon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details September 14-September 29 Vardar Offensive, final offensive on the Balkan Front. September 15 The Allies (French and Serbs) break through the Bulgarian lines at Dobro Polje, a phase of the Vardar Offensive. Details September 18 Battle of Epehy, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. September 18–September 19 Third Battle of Doiran, a phase of the Vardar Offensive, The Bulgarians halt the British and Greek advance. Details September 18–October 17 Battle of the Hindenburg Line, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. The Allies break through the German lines. Details September 19–September 25 Battle of Megiddo. The British conquer Palestine. Details Battle of Nablus, a phase of the Battle of Meggido. Details Third Transjordan attack, a phase of the Battle of Nablus. Battle of Sharon, a phase of the Battle of Megiddo. September 22 The British capture Jisr ed Damieh in the Battle of Sharon. Details September 25 The British capture Tiberias during the Battle of Sharon. Details September 19 Battle of Tulkarm, a phase of the Battle of Sharon. Battle of Arara, a phase of the Battle of Sharon. September 19-September 20 Battle of Tabsor, a phase of the Battle of Sharon. September 20 Capture of Jenin, a phase of the Battle of Sharon. British capture both Afulah and Beisan during the Battle of Sharon. Details September 20-September 21 Battle of Nazareth, a phase of the Battle of Sharon. September 23 Battle of Haifa, a phase of the Battle of Sharon. Details September 25 Battle of Samakh, a phase of the Battle of Sharon. Second Battle of Amman, a phase of the Third Transjordan Attack. September 26–November 11 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the final phase of the Hundred Days Offensive and of World War I. Details September 26-October 1 The British enter Damascus. Details September 26 Battle of Somme-Py (Initial phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details Charge at Irbid, a phase of the Capture of Damascus. September 26-September 27 British capture Deraa during the Capture of Damascus. Details September 27 Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub, a phase of the Capture of Damascus. September 27-October 1 Battle of the Canal du Nord, a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line. September 28-October 2 Fifth Battle of Ypres (aka Advance on Flanders), a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line. September 29-October 10 Battle of St. Quentin Canal, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. September 30 Bulgaria signs an armistice with the Allies.[55] Battle of Saint-Thierry (Initial phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details Charge at Kaukab, a phase of the Capture of Damascus. Charge at Kiswe, a phase of the Capture of Damascus. October 3-October 27 Pursuit to Haritan. Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge. October 8-October 10 Second Battle of Cambrai (aka Battle of Cambrai (1918)), a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line. Details October 14-October 17 Battle of Montfaucon (intermediate phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details October 14-October 19 Battle of Courtrai, closing phase of the Hundred Days offensive. Details October 15 Battle of Mont-D'Origny, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details October 17-October 26 Battle of the Selle, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. October 20 Germany suspends submarine warfare. Details Battle of Lys and Escaut (Which included the Second Battle of Lys and the Battle of the Escaut), a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details Battle of Serre, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details October 23-October 30 Battle of Sharqat. October 24–November 4 Battle of Vittorio Veneto. The Austro-Hungarian army is routed. The Italians enter Trent and land at Triest. Details October 24-October 28 SecondBattle of Monte Grappa, beginning phase of Vittorio Veneto. October 25 Battle of Aleppo. Details October 29 Wilhelm Groener replaces Erich Ludendorff as Hindenburg's deputy. Details Germany's Hochseeflotte mutinies.[56] Details State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs proclaimed. Details October 30 The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros. Details November 1 Battle of Chesne (Closing phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details November 1-November 2 Battle of Valenciennes, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details November 3 Austria-Hungary signs the armistice with Italy, effective November 4.[57] November 4 Battle of the Sambre, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details Second Battle of Guise, a phase of the Battle of Sambre. Details Battle of Thierache, a phase of the Battle of Sambre. Details November 6-November 11 Advance to the Meuse. November 9 Germany: Kaiser William II abdicates; republic proclaimed.[58] Details November 10 Austria-Hungary: Kaiser Charles I abdicates. Details November 11 At 6 am, Germany signs the Armistice of Compiègne. End of fighting at 11 a.m..[59] November 12 Austria proclaimed a republic. November 14 Czechoslovakia proclaimed a republic. Details German U-boats interned. 3 days after the armistice, fighting ends in the East African theater when General von Lettow-Vorbeck agrees a cease-fire on hearing of Germany's surrender. Details November 21 Germany's Hochseeflotte surrendered to the United Kingdom.[56] Details November 22 The Germans evacuate Luxembourg. November 25 11 days after agreeing a cease-fire, General von Lettow-Vorbeck formally surrenders his undefeated army at Abercorn in present-day Zambia. Details November 27 The Germans evacuate Belgium. December 1 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes proclaimed. Details 1919 Dates Events 10 January Fakhri Pasha surrenders at Medina. Details January 18 Treaty of Versailles between the Allies and Germany: the Peace Conference opens in Paris.[60] Details January 25 Proposal to create the League of Nations accepted. Details June 21 German High Seas Fleet (53 ships) scuttled in Scapa Flow with nine deaths, the last casualties of the war.[56] Details June 28 Treaty of Versailles signed.[61] Details July 8 Germany ratifies the Treaty of Versailles.[62] Details July 21 The United Kingdom ratifies the Treaty of Versailles.[63] Details November 10 and November 11 A Banquet in Honour of The President of the French Republic was hosted by King George V and held at Buckingham Palace during the evening hours of November 10. The very first Armistice Day was held on the Grounds of Buckingham Palace on the Morning of November 11. This would set the trend for a day of Remembrance or Remembrance Day for decades to come. Details 1920 Dates Events January 10 First meeting of the League of Nations held in London. Official end of World War I. Details Free City of Danzig established.[64] Details January 21 The Paris Peace Conference ends. Details February 10 A plebiscite returns Northern Schleswig to Denmark.[65] Details April 19–April 26 Conference of Sanremo, Italy, about League of Nations mandates in former Ottoman territories of the Middle East. Details June 4 Treaty of Trianon between the Allies and Hungary. Details August 10 Treaty of Sèvres between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire. The treaty is not recognized by the Turkish national movement, which considers the Istanbul government illegitimate.[66] Details September 8 Gabriele D'Annunzio proclaims in Fiume the Italian Regency of Carnaro. Details November 1 League of Nations headquarters moved to Geneva, Switzerland. Details November 12 Treaty of Rapallo between Italy and Yugoslavia. Zadar is annexed by Italy and the Free State of Fiume is established. Details November 15 The League of Nations holds its first general assembly. Details Post-1920 Dates Events 1921 October 13 Treaty of Kars between Bolshevik Russia and Turkey. Details 1922 February 6 Washington Naval Treaty, limiting naval tonnage, signed by France, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Details April 10–May 19 Genoa Conference. Representatives of 34 countries discuss economics in the wake of the Great War. Details April 16 Treaty of Rapallo between Germany |
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