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Except where stated, the list of INS numbers and associated food additives is based on the most recent publication of the Codex Alimentarius, Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives, first published in 1989, with revisions in 2008 and 2011. E-number and American approval flags are derived from other sources. In the table below, food additives approved for Europe are listed with an 'E',[2] and those approved for Australia and New Zealand with an 'A'.[3][4] and for the USA with a U, even though the US does not use the INS numbering system. INS # Approvals Names Type 100 A E U curcumins colour 100(i) A E U curcumin colour (yellow and orange) 100(ii) A E U turmeric colour (yellow and orange) 101 A E riboflavins 101(i) A E riboflavin, synthetic (vitamin B2) colour (yellow and orange) 101(ii) A E Riboflavin-5'-phosphate colour (yellow and orange) 101(iii) A E riboflavin from Bacillus subtilis colour (yellow and orange) 102 A E tartrazine colour (yellow and orange) (FDA: FD&C Yellow #5) 103 A alkannin, chrysoine resorcinol colour (red) 104 A E Quinoline Yellow WS colour (yellow and orange) (FDA: D&C Yellow #10) 107 E Yellow 2G colour (yellow and orange) 110 A E Sunset Yellow FCF colour (yellow and orange) (FDA: FD&C Yellow #6) 111 ? E Orange GGN. Delisted colour (orange) 120 A E Cochineal, carmines colour (red) 121 Citrus red 2, Orcein, Orchil colour (red) 122 A E azorubine, carmoisine colour (red) (FDA: Ext D&C Red #10) 123 E amaranth colour (red) (FDA: [DELISTED] Red #2) 124 A E Brilliant Scarlet 4R, Ponceau 4R colour (FDA: Ext D&C Red #8) 125 Ponceau SX, Scarlet GN colour 126 Ponceau 6R. Delisted colour 127 E erythrosine colour (red) (FDA: FD&C Red #3) 128 E Red 2G colour 129 A E Allura red AC colour (FDA: FD&C Red #40) 130 Indanthrene blue RS colour (blue) 131 E Patent blue V colour (blue) 132 A E indigo carmine, indigotine colour (blue) (FDA: FD&C Blue #2) 133 A E Brilliant blue FCF colour (FDA: FD&C Blue #1) 140 A E chlorophylls colour (green) 141 A E Chlorophylls and chlorophyllins, copper complexes 141(i) Chlorophylls, copper complexes colour (green) 141(ii) Chlorophyllins, copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts colour (green) 142 A E Green S colour (green) 143 A E Fast green FCF colour (FDA: FD&C Green #3) 150 A E Caramels 150a A E caramel I – plain colour (brown and black) 150b A E caramel II – sulfite caramel colour (brown and black) 150c A E caramel III – ammonia caramel colour (brown and black) 150d A E caramel IV – sulfite ammonia caramel colour (brown and black) 151 A E Brilliant Black BN (Black PN) colour (brown and black) 152 ? ? Carbon black colour (brown and black) 153 A E Vegetable carbon colour (brown and black) 154 E Brown FK colour (brown and black) 155 A E Chocolate Brown HT colour 160a A E carotenes 160a(i) A E beta-carotene, synthetic colour 160a(ii) A E beta-carotene, vegetable colour 160a(iii) A E beta-carotene, Blakeslea trispora colour 160a(iv) A E beta-carotene, algae colour 160b E annatto extracts 160b(i) E annatto extracts, bixin-based colour 160b(ii) E annatto extracts, norbixin-based colour 160c A E paprika oleoresin (paprika extract) colour 160d A E lycopenes 160d(i) A E lycopene, synthetic colour 160d(ii) A E lycopene, tomato colour 160d(iii) A E lycopene, Blakeslea trispora colour 160e A E beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) colour 160f A E beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid ethyl ester colour 161a A flavoxanthin colour 161b A E luteins 161b(i) A E lutein from Tagetes erecta colour 161b(ii) A E Tagetes extract colour 161c A kryptoxanthin colour 161d A rubixanthin colour 161e A violaxanthin colour 161f A rhodoxanthin colour 161g E canthaxanthin colour 161h ? ? zeaxanthins colour 161h(i) ? ? zeaxanthin, synthetic colour 161h(ii) ? ? zeaxanthin-rich extract from Tagetes erecta colour 161i ? ? citranaxanthin. Delisted colour 161j ? ? astaxanthin. Delisted colour 162 A E beet red colour 163 A E anthocyanins colour 163(ii) A E Grape skin extract colour 163(iii) A E Blackcurrant extract colour 163(iv) A E Purple corn colour colour 163(v) A E Red cabbage colour colour 164 A Gardenia yellow 165 Gardenia blue colour 166 sandalwood colour 170 E calcium carbonates 170(i) E calcium carbonate Acidity regulator, anticaking agent, stabalizer, surface colourant 170(ii) E calcium hydrogen carbonate Acidity regulator, anticaking agent, stabalizer, surface colourant 171 A E titanium dioxide colour (white) 172 A E iron oxides 172(i) A E iron oxide, black colour 172(ii) A E iron oxide, red colour 172(iii) A E iron oxide, yellow colour 173 E aluminium colour (silver) 174 E silver colour (silver) 175 E gold colour (gold) 180 E Lithol Rubine BK colour 181 E tannins colour, emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener 182 orchil colour 200 E sorbic acid preservative 201 sodium sorbate preservative 202 E potassium sorbate preservative 203 E calcium sorbate preservative 209 heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate preservative 210 E benzoic acid preservative 211 A E sodium benzoate preservative 212 A E potassium benzoate preservative 213 A E calcium benzoate preservative 214 E ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative 215 E sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative 216 A propylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate) preservative 217 sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative 218 A E methylparaben (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) preservative 219 E sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative 220 A E sulfur dioxide preservative, antioxidant 221 A E sodium sulfite preservative, antioxidant 222 A E sodium bisulfite (sodium hydrogen sulfite) preservative, antioxidant 223 A E sodium metabisulfite preservative, antioxidant, bleaching agent 224 A E potassium metabisulfite preservative, antioxidant 225 A potassium sulfite preservative, antioxidant 226 E calcium sulfite preservative, antioxidant 227 E calcium bisulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite preservative, antioxidant 228 A E potassium bisulfite, potassium hydrogen sulfite preservative, antioxidant 230 E diphenyl (biphenyl) preservative 231 E orthophenyl phenol (2-hydroxybiphenyl) preservative 232 E sodium orthophenyl phenol preservative 233 thiabendazole preservative 234 A E nisin preservative 235 A E natamycin (pimaricin) preservative 236 formic acid preservative 237 sodium formate preservative 238 calcium formate preservative 239 E hexamethylene tetramine (hexamine) preservative 240 formaldehyde preservative 241 gum guaicum preservative 242 A E dimethyl dicarbonate preservative 249 A E potassium nitrite preservative, colour fixative 250 A E sodium nitrite preservative, colour fixative 251 A E sodium nitrate preservative, colour fixative 252 A potassium nitrate preservative, colour fixative 260 A E glacial acetic acid preservative, acidity regulator 261 A E potassium acetates preservative, acidity regulator 262 A E sodium acetate, sodium hydrogen acetate preservative, acidity regulator 263 A E calcium acetate preservative, acidity regulator 264 A ammonium acetate preservative, acidity regulator 265 dehydroacetic acid preservative 266 sodium dehydroacetate preservative 270 A E lactic acid acidity regulator, preservative, antioxidant 280 A E propionic acid preservative 281 A E sodium propionate preservative 282 A E calcium propionate preservative 283 A E potassium propionate preservative 284 E boric acid preservative 285 E sodium tetraborate, borax preservative 290 A E carbon dioxide acidity regulator, propellant 296 A E malic acid acidity regulator 297 A E fumaric acid acidity regulator 300 A E ascorbic acid antioxidant (water soluble) 301 A E sodium ascorbate antioxidant (water soluble) 302 A E calcium ascorbate antioxidant (water soluble) 303 A potassium ascorbate antioxidant (water soluble) 304 A E ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate antioxidant (fat soluble) 306 A E tocopherol concentrate (natural) antioxidant 307 A E dl-alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) antioxidant 308 A E gamma-tocopherol(synthetic) antioxidant 309 A E delta-tocopherol(synthetic) antioxidant 310 A E propyl gallate antioxidant 311 A E octyl gallate antioxidant 312 A E dodecyl gallate antioxidant 315 A E erythorbic acid antioxidant 316 A E sodium erythorbate antioxidant 317 ? ? erythorbin acid antioxidant 318 ? ? sodium erythorbin antioxidant 319 A tert-butylhydroquinone antioxidant 320 A E butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) antioxidant (fat soluble) 321 A E butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant (fat soluble) 322 A E lecithins antioxidant, emulsifier 325 A E sodium lactate food acid 326 A E potassium lactate food acid 327 A E calcium lactate food acid 328 A ammonium lactate food acid 329 A magnesium lactate food acid 330 A E citric acid food acid 331 A E sodium citrates food acid 332 A E potassium citrates food acid 333 A E calcium citrates food acid, firming agent 334 A E L(+)-tartaric acid food acid 335 A E sodium tartrates food acid 336 A E potassium tartrates food acid 337 A E potassium sodium tartrate food acid 338 A E phosphoric acid food acid 339 A E sodium phosphates mineral salt 340 A E potassium phosphates mineral salt 341 A E calcium phosphates mineral salt, anti-caking agent, firming agent 342 A ammonium phosphates mineral salt 343 A E magnesium phosphates mineral salt, anti-caking agent 344 lecithin citrate preservative 345 magnesium citrate acidity regulator 349 A ammonium malate food acid 350 A E sodium malates food acid 351 A E potassium malate food acid 352 A E calcium malates food acid 353 A E metatartaric acid food acid, emulsifier 354 A E calcium tartrate food acid, emulsifier 355 A E adipic acid food acid 356 E sodium adipate food acid 357 A E potassium adipate food acid 359 ammonium adipates acidity regulator 363 E succinic acid food acid 364 sodium succinates acidity regulator, flavour enhancer 365 A sodium fumarate food acid 366 A potassium fumarate food acid 367 A calcium fumarate food acid 368 A ammonium fumarate food acid 370 1,4-heptonolactone food acid 375 A niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (vitamin B3) colour retention agent 380 A E triammonium citrate food acid 381 A ferric ammonium citrate, ammonium ferrocitrate food acid 384 isopropyl citrates antioxidant, preservative 385 A E calcium disodium EDTA preservative 386 disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate antioxidant, preservative 387 oxystearin antioxidant, sequestrant 388 thiodipropionic acid antioxidant 389 dilauryl thiodipropionate antioxidant 390 distearyl thiodipropionate antioxidant 391 phytic acid preservative 399 calcium lactobionate stabilizer 400 A E alginic acid thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier 401 A E sodium alginate thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier 402 A E potassium alginate thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier 403 A E ammonium alginate thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier 404 A E calcium alginate thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier 405 A E propylene glycol alginate, propane-1,2-diol alginate thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier 406 A E agar thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent 407 A E carrageenan thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier 407a A E processed eucheuma seaweed thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier 409 A arabinogalactan thickener, vegetable gum 410 A E locust bean gum thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier 412 A E guar gum thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer 413 A E tragacanth thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier 414 A E gum acacia, gum arabic thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier 415 A E xanthan gum thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer 416 A E karaya gum thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier 417 E tara gum thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer 418 A E gellan gum thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier 420 A E sorbitol humectant, emulsifier, sweetener 421 A E mannitol humectant, anti-caking agent, sweetener 422 A E glycerin humectant, sweetener 425 E konjac, konjac gum, konjac glucomannate thickener, vegetable gum 428 A E U gelatin, gelatine (not classified as an additive) carrier, emulsifier, gelling agent, stabiliser, thickener 430 ? polyoxyethylene (8) stearate emulsifier, stabilizer 431 E polyoxyethylene (40) stearate emulsifier 432 E polysorbate 20 emulsifier 433 A E polysorbate 80 emulsifier 434 E polysorbate 40 emulsifier 435 A E polysorbate 60 emulsifier 436 A E polysorbate 65 emulsifier 440 A E pectin vegetable gum, emulsifier 441 U Superglycerinated hydrogenated rapeseed oil, Hydrogenated rapeseed oil superglycerinated, Superglycerinated fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil[5] Emulsifier 442 A E ammonium phosphatides emulsifier 443 ? brominated vegetable oil emulsifier, stabiliser 444 A E sucrose acetate isobutyrate emulsifier, stabiliser 445 E glycerol esters of wood rosins emulsifier 450 A E diphosphates mineral salt, emulsifier 451 A E triphosphates mineral salt, emulsifier 452 A E polyphosphates mineral salt, emulsifier 459 E beta-cyclodextrin emulsifier 460 A E powdered cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose anti-caking agent 461 A E methylcellulose thickener, emulsifier, vegetable gum 463 E hydroxypropyl cellulose thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier 464 A E hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier 465 A E methyl ethyl cellulose, ethyl methyl cellulose thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier 466 A E sodium carboxymethylcellulose emulsifier 468 crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcellulose emulsifier 469 enzymatically hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose emulsifier 470 A magnesium stearate emulsifier, stabiliser 470a E sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent 470b E magnesium salts of fatty acids emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent 471 A E mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids – glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate emulsifier 472a A E acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier 472b A E lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier 472c A E citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier 472d A E tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier 472e A E diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier 472f E mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier 473 A E sucrose esters of fatty acids emulsifier 474 E sucroglycerides emulsifier 475 A E polyglycerol esters of fatty acids emulsifier 476 A E polyglycerol polyricinoleate emulsifier 477 A E propylene glycol esters of fatty acids emulsifier 478 ? ? lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycol emulsifier 479b E thermally oxidised soya bean oil emulsifier 480 A dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate emulsifier 481 A E sodium stearoyl lactylate emulsifier 482 A E calcium stearoyl lactylate emulsifier 483 E stearyl tartarate emulsifier 491 A E sorbitan monostearate emulsifier 492 A E sorbitan tristearate emulsifier 493 sorbitan monolaurate emulsifier 494 E sorbitan monooleate emulsifier 495 E sorbitan monopalmitate emulsifier 500 A E sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate (E500ii) mineral salt 501 A E potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate mineral salt 503 A E ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate mineral salt 504 A E magnesium carbonate anti-caking agent, mineral salt 507 A E hydrochloric acid acidity regulator 508 A E potassium chloride mineral salt 509 A E calcium chloride mineral salt 510 A ammonium chloride mineral salt 511 A E magnesium chloride mineral salt 512 A E stannous chloride colour retention agent, antioxidant 513 E sulfuric acid acidity regulator 514 A E sodium sulfate mineral salt 515 A E potassium sulfate mineral salt, seasoning 516 A E calcium sulfate flour treatment agent, mineral salt, sequestrant, improving agent, firming agent 517 E ammonium sulfate mineral salt, improving agent 518 A magnesium sulfate, Epsom salts mineral salt, acidity regulator, firming agent 519 A cupric sulfate mineral salt 520 E aluminium sulfate mineral salt 521 E aluminium sodium sulfate mineral salt 522 E aluminium potassium sulfate mineral salt 523 E aluminium ammonium sulfate mineral salt 524 E sodium hydroxide mineral salt 525 E potassium hydroxide mineral salt 526 A E calcium hydroxide mineral salt 527 E ammonium hydroxide mineral salt 528 E magnesium hydroxide mineral salt 529 A E calcium oxide mineral salt 530 E magnesium oxide anti-caking agent 535 A E sodium ferrocyanide anti-caking agent 536 A E potassium ferrocyanide anti-caking agent 538 E calcium ferrocyanide anti-caking agent 540 dicalcium diphosphate anti-caking agent 541 A E sodium aluminium phosphate acidity regulator, emulsifier 542 A bone phosphate anti-caking agent 544 calcium polyphosphates anti-caking agent 545 ammonium polyphosphates anti-caking agent 551 A E silicon dioxide anti-caking agent 552 A E calcium silicate anti-caking agent 553a E magnesium silicate anti-caking agent 553b A E talc anti-caking agent 554 A E sodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate) anti-caking agent 555 E potassium aluminium silicate anti-caking agent 556 A E calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate) anti-caking agent 558 A E bentonite anti-caking agent 559 A E kaolin, aluminium silicate anti-caking agent 570 A E stearic acid anti-caking agent 575 A E glucono delta-lactone acidity regulator 576 E sodium gluconate stabiliser 577 A E potassium gluconate stabiliser 578 A E calcium gluconate acidity regulator 579 A E ferrous gluconate colour retention agent 585 E ferrous lactate 620 A E glutamic acid flavour enhancer 621 A E monosodium glutamate (MSG) flavour enhancer 622 A E monopotassium glutamate flavour enhancer 623 A E calcium diglutamate flavour enhancer 624 A E monoammonium glutamate flavour enhancer 625 A E magnesium diglutamate flavour enhancer 626 guanylic acid flavour enhancer 627 A E disodium guanylate flavour enhancer 628 E dipotassium guanylate flavour enhancer 629 E calcium guanylate flavour enhancer 630 E inosinic acid flavour enhancer 631 A E disodium inosinate flavour enhancer 632 E dipotassium inosinate flavour enhancer 633 E calcium inosinate flavour enhancer 634 E calcium 5'-ribonucleotides flavour enhancer 635 A E disodium 5'-ribonucleotides flavour enhancer 636 A maltol flavour enhancer 637 A ethyl maltol flavour enhancer 640 A E glycine flavour enhancer 641 A leucine flavour enhancer 650 E zinc acetate flavour enhancer 900 A E dimethylpolysiloxane emulsifier, anti-caking agent 901 A E beeswax glazing agent 902 E candelilla wax glazing agent 903 A E carnauba wax glazing agent 904 A E shellac glazing agent 905 A E paraffins glazing agent 907 refined microcrystalline wax glazing agent 912 E montanic acid esters humectant 914 A E oxidised polyethylene wax humectant 920 A E L-cysteine flour treatment agent 924 potassium bromate flour treatment agent 925 A chlorine flour treatment agent 926 A chlorine dioxide flour treatment agent 927b E carbamide flour treatment agent 928 A benzoyl peroxide flour treatment agent 938 E argon propellant 939 E helium propellant 941 A E nitrogen propellant 942 A E nitrous oxide propellant 943a E butane propellant 943b E isobutane propellant 950 A E Acesulfame potassium artificial sweetener 951 A E aspartame artificial sweetener 952 A E cyclamic acid, cyclamates artificial sweetener 953 A E isomalt humectant 954 A E saccharin artificial sweetener 955 A sucralose artificial sweetener 956 A alitame artificial sweetener 957 A E thaumatin flavour enhancer, artificial sweetener 959 E neohesperidin dihydrochalcone artificial sweetener 965 A E maltitol humectant, stabiliser 966 A E lactitol humectant 967 A E xylitol humectant, stabiliser 999 E quillaia extract humectant 1001 A choline salts and esters emulsifier 1100 A amylases flour treatment agent 1102 A glucose oxidase antioxidant 1103 E invertase ? 1104 A lipases flavour enhancer 1105 A E lysozyme preservative 1200 A E polydextrose humectant 1201 A E poly vinyl pyrrolidone ? 1202 A E polyvinylpolypyrrolidone colour stabiliser 1400 A dextrin roasted starch thickener, vegetable gum 1401 A acid treated starch thickener, vegetable gum 1402 A alkaline treated starch thickener, vegetable gum 1403 A bleached starch thickener, vegetable gum 1404 A E oxidised starch thickener, vegetable gum 1405 A enzyme treated starch thickener, vegetable gum 1410 A E monostarch phosphate thickener, vegetable gum 1412 A E distarch phosphate thickener, vegetable gum 1413 A E phosphated distarch phosphate thickener, vegetable gum 1414 A E acetylated distarch phosphate thickener, vegetable gum 1420 A E acetylated starch thickener, vegetable gum 1422 A E acetylated distarch adipate thickener, vegetable gum 1440 A E hydroxypropyl starch thickener, vegetable gum 1442 A E hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate thickener, vegetable gum 1450 A E starch sodium octenylsuccinate thickener, vegetable gum 1451 E acetylated oxidised starch thickener, vegetable gum 1505 A E triethyl citrate thickener, vegetable gum 1510 ethanol (not classified as an additive) alcohol 1518 A E triacetin humectant 1520 A E propylene glycol humectant 1521 A Polyethylene glycol[citation needed] antifoaming agent |
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