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Supplements

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description: The European Union and other countries of Europe have regulations that define limits of vitamin (and mineral) dosages for their safe use as food supplements. Most vitamins that are sold as food supple ...

The European Union and other countries of Europe have regulations that define limits of vitamin (and mineral) dosages for their safe use as food supplements. Most vitamins that are sold as food supplements cannot exceed a maximum daily dosage. Vitamin products above these legal limits are not considered food supplements and must be registered as prescription or non-prescription (Over-the-counter drugs) due to their potential side effects. As a result, most of the fat-soluble vitamins (such as the vitamins A,D,E and K) that contain amounts above the daily allowance are drug products. The daily dosage of a vitamin supplement for example cannot exceed 300% of the recommended daily allowance, and for Vitamin A, this limit is even lower (200%). Such regulations are applicable in most European countries.[21][22]

Dietary supplements, often containing vitamins. Scientific evidence supporting the benefits of some vitamin supplements for certain health conditions.[23] In some cases, vitamin supplements may have unwanted effects, especially if taken before surgery, with other dietary supplements or medicines, or if the person taking them has certain health conditions.[23] They may also contain levels of vitamins many times higher, and in different forms, than one may ingest through food.[24]
Evidence for supplementation in those who are otherwise healthy do not show any clear benefit with respect to cancer or heart disease.[2] Vitamin A and E supplements not only provide no tangible health benefits for generally healthy individuals but may increase mortality, although two large studies included in the analysis involved smokers, for whom it was already known that beta-carotene supplements can be harmful.[25][26][27] While other findings suggest that Vitamin E toxicity is limited to specific form taken in excess.[28]

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Supplements

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