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Induction__ Main article: Induction (birth) Induction is a method of artificially or prematurely stimulating labour in a woman. Reasons to induce can include pre-eclampsia, placental malfunction, intrauterine growth retardation,[5] and other various general medical conditions, such as renal disease. Induction may occur any time after 34 weeks of gestation if the risk to the fetus or mother is greater than the risk of delivering a premature fetus regardless of lung maturity. Induction may be achieved via several methods: Pessary of Prostin cream, prostaglandin E2 Intravaginal or oral administration of misoprostol Cervical insertion of a 30-mL Foley catheter Rupturing the amniotic membranes Intravenous infusion of synthetic oxytocin (Pitocin or Syntocinon) Labor__ Main article: Childbirth During labor itself, the obstetrician or midwife may be called on to do a number of tasks. These tasks can include: Monitor the progress of labor, by reviewing the nursing chart, performing vaginal examination, and assessing the trace produced by a fetal monitoring device (the cardiotocograph) Accelerate the progress of labor by infusion of the hormone oxytocin Provide pain relief, either by nitrous oxide, opiates, or by epidural anesthesia done by anaesthestists, an anesthesiologist, or a nurse anesthetist. Surgically assisting labor, by forceps or the Ventouse (a suction cap applied to the fetus' head) Caesarean section, if there is an associated risk with vaginal delivery, as such fetal or maternal compromise supported by evidence and literature. Caesarean section can either be elective, that is, arranged before labor, or decided during labor as an alternative to hours of waiting. True "emergency" Cesarean sections include abruptio placenta, and are more common in multigravid patients, or patients attempting a Vaginal Birth After Caeserean section (VBAC). |
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